AP EURO EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Renaissance - Correct Answers -A French word meaning "rebirth", used to describe the
rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity in Italy during the fourteenth to sixteenth
centuries
Patronage - Correct Answers -Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups,
and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles
Communes - Correct Answers -Sworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by
merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles
Popolo - Correct Answers -Disenfranchised common people in Italian cities who
resented their exclusion from power
Signori - Correct Answers -Government by one-man rule in Italian cities such as Milan;
also refers to these rulers
Courts - Correct Answers -Magnificent households and palaces where signori and other
rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts
Guild system - Correct Answers -The organisation of artisanal production into trade
based associations, or guilds, each of which received a monopoly over its trade and the
right to train apprentices and hire workers
Economic liberalism - Correct Answers -A belief in free trade and competition based on
Adam Smith's argument that the invisible hand of free competition would benefit all
individuals, rich and poor
Navigation acts - Correct Answers -A series of English laws that controlled the import of
goods to Britain and British colonies
Humanism - Correct Answers -A program of study designed by Italians that emphasised
the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human
nature
,Virtu - Correct Answers -The quality of being able to shape the world according to one's
own will
Debate About Women - Correct Answers -Debate among writers and thinkers in the
Renaissance about women's qualities and proper role in society
New Christians - Correct Answers -A term for Jews and Muslims in the Iberian
Peninsula who accepted Christianity; in many cases they included Christians whose
families had converted centuries earlier
Georgia Vasari - Correct Answers -A 16th century painter, architect, and writer, used
the Italian word "rinascita", meaning "rebirth", to describe the era in which he lived
Individualism - Correct Answers -People wanting person credit for their own
achievements, opposed the medieval ideal of all glory going to god
City-state - Correct Answers -A city that with its surrounding territory forms an
independent state
Printing press - Correct Answers -Allowed new cultural trends to spread to other parts of
Europe
Northern Renaissance - Correct Answers -Dealt with religious concerns related to the
Renaissance
Protestant Reformation - Correct Answers -A 16th century religious movement that
challenged the authority of the Catholic Church
Holy Roman Empire - Correct Answers -Controlled northern Italy during the Middle
Ages
Ciompi Revolt - Correct Answers -A violent struggle by the popolo against the
government to express their dissatisfaction with the economic and political order
Medici - Correct Answers -Used the wealth gained from banking to establish themselves
first as the behind-the-scenes rulers of the Florentine republic ad later as hereditary
dukes of the city
Papal States - Correct Answers -Territories in central Italy under the direct sovereign
rule of the Pope
Patrons - Correct Answers -Wealthy Italian merchants who insisted on the development
of secular art forms that would represent them and their accumulated wealth
Francesco Petrarch - Correct Answers -Founder of humanism
, "Dark Ages" - Correct Answers -Phrase coined by Petrarch to describe the cultural
decline that took place following the collapse of the Roman world in the 5th century
Civic humanists - Correct Answers -Viewed Cicero's involvement in political causes as
justification to use their own classical education for the public good, served Florence as
diplomats, or working in the chancellery office
Pico della Mirandola - Correct Answers -Wrote "Oration on the Dignity of Man",
expressed that we can train our minds to make use of our abilities to reason to get
beyond the limits imposed by our senses
Florentine Platonic Academy - Correct Answers -Sponsored by Cosimo d'Medici,
merged platonic philosophy with Christianity
Neoplatonism - Correct Answers -Created by merging platonic philosophy with
Christianity
Castiglione's "The Courtier" - Correct Answers -Described the ideal man of the age, a
man who knew several languages, was familiar with classical literature, and was also
skilled in the arts
Lorenzo Valla - Correct Answers -Working in the Vatican libraries, realized that
languages can tell a history all of their own
Leonardo Bruni - Correct Answers -Created an educational program for women
Christine de Pisan - Correct Answers -An Italian who was the daughter of the physician
to the French King Charles V, received a fine humanist education, wrote "The City of
Ladies"
Filippo Brunelleschi - Correct Answers -Built a dome over the cathedral of Florence, the
first dome to be completed in Western Europe since the collapse of the Roman Emoire
Fresco - Correct Answers -A mural painting technique where pigments are applied to
wet plaster, allowing the colours to become an integral part of the wall as it draws
Chiaroscuro - Correct Answers -The use of contrasts between light and dark to create
three dimensional images
Single-Point Perspective - Correct Answers -A style in which all elements within a
painting converge at a single point in the distance, allowing artists to create more
realistic settings for their work
High Renaissance - Correct Answers -End of the 15th century, the center of the
Renaissance moves from Florence to Rome
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Renaissance - Correct Answers -A French word meaning "rebirth", used to describe the
rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity in Italy during the fourteenth to sixteenth
centuries
Patronage - Correct Answers -Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups,
and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles
Communes - Correct Answers -Sworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by
merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles
Popolo - Correct Answers -Disenfranchised common people in Italian cities who
resented their exclusion from power
Signori - Correct Answers -Government by one-man rule in Italian cities such as Milan;
also refers to these rulers
Courts - Correct Answers -Magnificent households and palaces where signori and other
rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts
Guild system - Correct Answers -The organisation of artisanal production into trade
based associations, or guilds, each of which received a monopoly over its trade and the
right to train apprentices and hire workers
Economic liberalism - Correct Answers -A belief in free trade and competition based on
Adam Smith's argument that the invisible hand of free competition would benefit all
individuals, rich and poor
Navigation acts - Correct Answers -A series of English laws that controlled the import of
goods to Britain and British colonies
Humanism - Correct Answers -A program of study designed by Italians that emphasised
the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human
nature
,Virtu - Correct Answers -The quality of being able to shape the world according to one's
own will
Debate About Women - Correct Answers -Debate among writers and thinkers in the
Renaissance about women's qualities and proper role in society
New Christians - Correct Answers -A term for Jews and Muslims in the Iberian
Peninsula who accepted Christianity; in many cases they included Christians whose
families had converted centuries earlier
Georgia Vasari - Correct Answers -A 16th century painter, architect, and writer, used
the Italian word "rinascita", meaning "rebirth", to describe the era in which he lived
Individualism - Correct Answers -People wanting person credit for their own
achievements, opposed the medieval ideal of all glory going to god
City-state - Correct Answers -A city that with its surrounding territory forms an
independent state
Printing press - Correct Answers -Allowed new cultural trends to spread to other parts of
Europe
Northern Renaissance - Correct Answers -Dealt with religious concerns related to the
Renaissance
Protestant Reformation - Correct Answers -A 16th century religious movement that
challenged the authority of the Catholic Church
Holy Roman Empire - Correct Answers -Controlled northern Italy during the Middle
Ages
Ciompi Revolt - Correct Answers -A violent struggle by the popolo against the
government to express their dissatisfaction with the economic and political order
Medici - Correct Answers -Used the wealth gained from banking to establish themselves
first as the behind-the-scenes rulers of the Florentine republic ad later as hereditary
dukes of the city
Papal States - Correct Answers -Territories in central Italy under the direct sovereign
rule of the Pope
Patrons - Correct Answers -Wealthy Italian merchants who insisted on the development
of secular art forms that would represent them and their accumulated wealth
Francesco Petrarch - Correct Answers -Founder of humanism
, "Dark Ages" - Correct Answers -Phrase coined by Petrarch to describe the cultural
decline that took place following the collapse of the Roman world in the 5th century
Civic humanists - Correct Answers -Viewed Cicero's involvement in political causes as
justification to use their own classical education for the public good, served Florence as
diplomats, or working in the chancellery office
Pico della Mirandola - Correct Answers -Wrote "Oration on the Dignity of Man",
expressed that we can train our minds to make use of our abilities to reason to get
beyond the limits imposed by our senses
Florentine Platonic Academy - Correct Answers -Sponsored by Cosimo d'Medici,
merged platonic philosophy with Christianity
Neoplatonism - Correct Answers -Created by merging platonic philosophy with
Christianity
Castiglione's "The Courtier" - Correct Answers -Described the ideal man of the age, a
man who knew several languages, was familiar with classical literature, and was also
skilled in the arts
Lorenzo Valla - Correct Answers -Working in the Vatican libraries, realized that
languages can tell a history all of their own
Leonardo Bruni - Correct Answers -Created an educational program for women
Christine de Pisan - Correct Answers -An Italian who was the daughter of the physician
to the French King Charles V, received a fine humanist education, wrote "The City of
Ladies"
Filippo Brunelleschi - Correct Answers -Built a dome over the cathedral of Florence, the
first dome to be completed in Western Europe since the collapse of the Roman Emoire
Fresco - Correct Answers -A mural painting technique where pigments are applied to
wet plaster, allowing the colours to become an integral part of the wall as it draws
Chiaroscuro - Correct Answers -The use of contrasts between light and dark to create
three dimensional images
Single-Point Perspective - Correct Answers -A style in which all elements within a
painting converge at a single point in the distance, allowing artists to create more
realistic settings for their work
High Renaissance - Correct Answers -End of the 15th century, the center of the
Renaissance moves from Florence to Rome
