PSC 100 exam #1 with 100% correct
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What is Ideology? - correct answer ✔✔-Ideology is a comprehensive set of beliefs and attitudes
about political, social, and economic institutions and processes.
-Ideology is the basic, foundation, and motivation of political actions and activities. It is a value
system and cannot be tested factually.
-Political ideology is an attempt to explain how an existing political system has come into being
and to describe ideal political system.
Characteristics of ideology (utopian/idealistic,value system, elaborate or simple, malleable or
rigid): - correct answer ✔✔-First, ideologies are usually stated in optimistic term.
-Second, ideologies tend to be utopian in nature and in their ultimate goal. The ultimate goal is
to create utopia (a perfect society).
-Third, ideologies are stated simplistic terms in describing the governmental process and
economic order.
-Fourth, ideologies tend to be democratic in the sense that they are designed to serve the
people, to improve human positions.
-inally, all ideologies have certain degree of revolutionary overtone, suggesting for sudden and
revolutionary changes in government and economics to break away from past practices
What is prevailing Ideology? - correct answer ✔✔The dominant ideology in a society or
government.
-It influences government processes
-determines government decision making (rule making/execution and adjudication)
-influences how citizens interact politically
-influences political socialization and expectations of government.
, What is ideological consensus? - correct answer ✔✔The degree to which ideology is agreed
upon by the government and citizenry. General ideological consensus leads to a relatively
settled political order.
what is Liberalism? - correct answer ✔✔-Liberalism assumes that all human beings capable of
reason and rational actions, that is, if given a chance, everybody has the capacity to lead a
productive life. Liberal ideals have strong egalitarian overtone and are optimistic about
improving human conditions and progressive changes for more equitable distribution and
redistribution of societal resources.
-(summary) liberalism claims that since human beings are rational and since market tends to
self-regulate, they are best to be left alone for productive lives and mutual benefits.
-(John Locke/John Stuart Mill)
what is Conservatism? - correct answer ✔✔-assumes that not all human beings are capable of
rational action and left alone will bring about chaos and social instability. It assumes a
pessimistic human nature and generally distrusts changes and tends to be "status quo." At best,
conservatism seeks gradual and incremental changes, and favors lesser redistribution of societal
resources. And government needs to promote social and political stability and continuity.
-(summary) conservative claims that people left alone would bring about chaos so that
government should intervene to promote stability and growth.
-(sir Edmund Burke)
what is Socialism? - correct answer ✔✔-assumes that human beings are naturally sociable--
human beings readily engage in cooperative activity when given a chance (somewhat similar to
liberalism)
-Generally, socialism is concerned about suffering caused by human exploitation from industrial
revolution.
-government must circumvent the social injustice and sufferings
-the common agreement is the need to eliminate or reduce private property to reduce human
suffering by prescribing state ownership of the means of production (factory) and also the
distribution of goods (stores).
-(stage 4 in Marxism theory)
answers rated A+
What is Ideology? - correct answer ✔✔-Ideology is a comprehensive set of beliefs and attitudes
about political, social, and economic institutions and processes.
-Ideology is the basic, foundation, and motivation of political actions and activities. It is a value
system and cannot be tested factually.
-Political ideology is an attempt to explain how an existing political system has come into being
and to describe ideal political system.
Characteristics of ideology (utopian/idealistic,value system, elaborate or simple, malleable or
rigid): - correct answer ✔✔-First, ideologies are usually stated in optimistic term.
-Second, ideologies tend to be utopian in nature and in their ultimate goal. The ultimate goal is
to create utopia (a perfect society).
-Third, ideologies are stated simplistic terms in describing the governmental process and
economic order.
-Fourth, ideologies tend to be democratic in the sense that they are designed to serve the
people, to improve human positions.
-inally, all ideologies have certain degree of revolutionary overtone, suggesting for sudden and
revolutionary changes in government and economics to break away from past practices
What is prevailing Ideology? - correct answer ✔✔The dominant ideology in a society or
government.
-It influences government processes
-determines government decision making (rule making/execution and adjudication)
-influences how citizens interact politically
-influences political socialization and expectations of government.
, What is ideological consensus? - correct answer ✔✔The degree to which ideology is agreed
upon by the government and citizenry. General ideological consensus leads to a relatively
settled political order.
what is Liberalism? - correct answer ✔✔-Liberalism assumes that all human beings capable of
reason and rational actions, that is, if given a chance, everybody has the capacity to lead a
productive life. Liberal ideals have strong egalitarian overtone and are optimistic about
improving human conditions and progressive changes for more equitable distribution and
redistribution of societal resources.
-(summary) liberalism claims that since human beings are rational and since market tends to
self-regulate, they are best to be left alone for productive lives and mutual benefits.
-(John Locke/John Stuart Mill)
what is Conservatism? - correct answer ✔✔-assumes that not all human beings are capable of
rational action and left alone will bring about chaos and social instability. It assumes a
pessimistic human nature and generally distrusts changes and tends to be "status quo." At best,
conservatism seeks gradual and incremental changes, and favors lesser redistribution of societal
resources. And government needs to promote social and political stability and continuity.
-(summary) conservative claims that people left alone would bring about chaos so that
government should intervene to promote stability and growth.
-(sir Edmund Burke)
what is Socialism? - correct answer ✔✔-assumes that human beings are naturally sociable--
human beings readily engage in cooperative activity when given a chance (somewhat similar to
liberalism)
-Generally, socialism is concerned about suffering caused by human exploitation from industrial
revolution.
-government must circumvent the social injustice and sufferings
-the common agreement is the need to eliminate or reduce private property to reduce human
suffering by prescribing state ownership of the means of production (factory) and also the
distribution of goods (stores).
-(stage 4 in Marxism theory)
