IUPUI K356 Exam 1: Complete Q&A with Verified Solutions-2025/2026

Carl Woese - Classified organisms using their rRNA, leading to the three domains of life: eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. Louis Pasteur - Disproved spontaneous generation using Swan Neck Flasks. Developed pasteurization to prevent wine spoilage. Developed chicken cholera, rabies and anthrax vaccines. Edward Jenner - Used cowpox lesions to make a vaccine against smallpox. This was the first vaccine. Robert Koch - Developed Koch's Postulates: 1. Organism must be present in every case of the disease. 2. Organism must be isolated and grown in pure culture. 3. Same disease must develop when healthy host is inoculated with the isolated organism. 4. Organism must be isolated from the now-diseased host. Ignaz Semmelweis - Had a problem with Childbed Fever. Learned that doctors were spreading the disease because they did not wash their hands after autopsies. Started making everyone wash their hands which caused cases of childbed fever to drastically reduce. Joseph Lister - Developed techniques for antiseptic surgery like handwashing and sterilizing instruments.