Indiana Pesticide 3A Exam !| !| !| !|
with verified detailed !| !| !|
solutions
Describe the benefits of a well-maintained landscape - Correct
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answer ✔A well-maintained landscape appeals to the senses as
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well as increases property value. Trees store energy. Plants
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improve air quality. !| !|
Damage Threshold - Correct answer ✔The pest density or plant
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damage at which control action should be taken
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Cultural control - Correct answer ✔Pest management which relies
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on modifying something we would do any way to help reduce
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pest populations. In agriculture, could include modifying
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planting or harvest dates, tillage changes, crop rotation, etc. In
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other circumstances, sanitation is an important cultural control
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strategy.
Mechanical control - Correct answer ✔Insect pest control which
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uses a purpose-built mechanical device or hands (and feet).
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Biological control - Correct answer ✔the control of a pest by the
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introduction of a natural enemy or predator. !| !| !| !| !| !|
Advantages and Disadvantages of non-chemical control - !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Correct answer ✔May provide longer and more permanent
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control of a pest, but is often more labor intensive
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,Advantages and Disadvantages of chemical control - Correct
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answer ✔Chemical control is effective, fast acting, easy to
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apply, and mostly economical. However, pest resistance can
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develop in the population. !| !| !|
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - Correct answer ✔An
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agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques designed
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to minimize pesticide inputs
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Steps of an IPM program - Correct answer ✔Inspect plants
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routinely to identify a problem at an early stage.
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Determine if the problem is abiotic or biotic. !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Determine if treatment is needed based on the damage
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threshold. !|
Select a management strategy.
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Leaves and needles - Correct answer ✔The plants food
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production via photosynthesis (capturing sunlight by
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chloroplasts and turning the solar energy into chemical energy)
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Cuticle - Correct answer ✔A waxy layer that prevents water
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loss, guards against disease, and repels water.
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Stems - Correct answer ✔transport water and minerals from
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roots, food storage, support
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,Stolon - Correct answer ✔horizontal growth ABOVE GROUND.
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Will produce roots at the nodes which can develop into another
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plant. (not to be confused with rhizomes)
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Rhizomes - Correct answer ✔horizontal growth UNDERGROUND,
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some of the nodes will produce roots
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Xylem - Correct answer ✔transport water and minerals from
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roots, up the plant, to the leaves
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Phloem - Correct answer ✔transports sugars from the leaves
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primarily downward to the roots and growing points
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Cambium - Correct answer ✔lateral growth - produces new
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secondary xylem and phloem for outward growth !| !| !| !| !| !|
Arborvitae (Thuga) - Correct answer ✔coniferous (doesn't drop
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leaves/doesn't produce flowers), needles are scale-like and flat !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
to branch, small cones
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Austrian pine - Correct answer ✔coniferous, long needles in
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bunches, "feathery" appearance, larger thicker cones
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Blue spruce - Correct answer ✔coniferous, blue-ish needles in
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singlets all around the stem, larger thinner cones
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, Eastern Red Cedar (Juniper) - Correct answer ✔coniferous,
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needles are scale-like, cones look like blue/purple berries
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Mugo Pine - Correct answer ✔More shrub-like, long needles all
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around the stem, cones on terminal ends of branches
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Black Oak - Correct answer ✔Deciduous (drop leaves in
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autumn/produces flowers), leaves have 7-9 lobes with sharp !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
ends, very glossy appearance
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Elm - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, oval leaves, veins prominent,
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jagged edges, leaf base is asymmetrical.
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Linden (Basswood) - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, heart-shaped
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leaves, flowers VERY identifiable
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Red Maple - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, three-lobed leaves that
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come to a point with two smaller lobes at the leaf base, leaves
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turn red in fall
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Red Oak - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, 7-9 lobes, leaves less
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glossy, and have smaller indentations than black oak
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River Birch - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, papery/flaky bark,
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diamond-shaped leaves with double serrated edges !| !| !| !| !|
with verified detailed !| !| !|
solutions
Describe the benefits of a well-maintained landscape - Correct
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
answer ✔A well-maintained landscape appeals to the senses as
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
well as increases property value. Trees store energy. Plants
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
improve air quality. !| !|
Damage Threshold - Correct answer ✔The pest density or plant
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
damage at which control action should be taken
!| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Cultural control - Correct answer ✔Pest management which relies
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
on modifying something we would do any way to help reduce
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
pest populations. In agriculture, could include modifying
!| !| !| !| !| !| !|
planting or harvest dates, tillage changes, crop rotation, etc. In
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
other circumstances, sanitation is an important cultural control
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
strategy.
Mechanical control - Correct answer ✔Insect pest control which
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
uses a purpose-built mechanical device or hands (and feet).
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Biological control - Correct answer ✔the control of a pest by the
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
introduction of a natural enemy or predator. !| !| !| !| !| !|
Advantages and Disadvantages of non-chemical control - !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Correct answer ✔May provide longer and more permanent
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
control of a pest, but is often more labor intensive
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
,Advantages and Disadvantages of chemical control - Correct
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answer ✔Chemical control is effective, fast acting, easy to
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
apply, and mostly economical. However, pest resistance can
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
develop in the population. !| !| !|
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - Correct answer ✔An
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques designed
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
to minimize pesticide inputs
!| !| !|
Steps of an IPM program - Correct answer ✔Inspect plants
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
routinely to identify a problem at an early stage.
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Determine if the problem is abiotic or biotic. !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Determine if treatment is needed based on the damage
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
threshold. !|
Select a management strategy.
!| !| !|
Leaves and needles - Correct answer ✔The plants food
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
production via photosynthesis (capturing sunlight by
!| !| !| !| !| !|
chloroplasts and turning the solar energy into chemical energy)
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Cuticle - Correct answer ✔A waxy layer that prevents water
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
loss, guards against disease, and repels water.
!| !| !| !| !| !|
Stems - Correct answer ✔transport water and minerals from
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
roots, food storage, support
!| !| !|
,Stolon - Correct answer ✔horizontal growth ABOVE GROUND.
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Will produce roots at the nodes which can develop into another
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
plant. (not to be confused with rhizomes)
!| !| !| !| !| !|
Rhizomes - Correct answer ✔horizontal growth UNDERGROUND,
!| !| !| !| !| !| !|
some of the nodes will produce roots
!| !| !| !| !| !|
Xylem - Correct answer ✔transport water and minerals from
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
roots, up the plant, to the leaves
!| !| !| !| !| !|
Phloem - Correct answer ✔transports sugars from the leaves
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
primarily downward to the roots and growing points
!| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Cambium - Correct answer ✔lateral growth - produces new
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
secondary xylem and phloem for outward growth !| !| !| !| !| !|
Arborvitae (Thuga) - Correct answer ✔coniferous (doesn't drop
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
leaves/doesn't produce flowers), needles are scale-like and flat !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
to branch, small cones
!| !| !|
Austrian pine - Correct answer ✔coniferous, long needles in
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
bunches, "feathery" appearance, larger thicker cones
!| !| !| !| !|
Blue spruce - Correct answer ✔coniferous, blue-ish needles in
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singlets all around the stem, larger thinner cones
!| !| !| !| !| !| !|
, Eastern Red Cedar (Juniper) - Correct answer ✔coniferous,
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
needles are scale-like, cones look like blue/purple berries
!| !| !| !| !| !| !|
Mugo Pine - Correct answer ✔More shrub-like, long needles all
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
around the stem, cones on terminal ends of branches
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Black Oak - Correct answer ✔Deciduous (drop leaves in
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
autumn/produces flowers), leaves have 7-9 lobes with sharp !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
ends, very glossy appearance
!| !| !|
Elm - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, oval leaves, veins prominent,
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
jagged edges, leaf base is asymmetrical.
!| !| !| !| !|
Linden (Basswood) - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, heart-shaped
!| !| !| !| !| !| !|
leaves, flowers VERY identifiable
!| !| !|
Red Maple - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, three-lobed leaves that
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
come to a point with two smaller lobes at the leaf base, leaves
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
turn red in fall
!| !| !|
Red Oak - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, 7-9 lobes, leaves less
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
glossy, and have smaller indentations than black oak
!| !| !| !| !| !| !|
River Birch - Correct answer ✔Deciduous, papery/flaky bark,
!| !| !| !| !| !| !| !|
diamond-shaped leaves with double serrated edges !| !| !| !| !|
