ANTH 311 - Midterm 1 (prof V.) 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What is another name for the Gelada monkey? correct answers Bleeding heart baboon
What mating system do Gelada's have? correct answers Polygynous (Harem): 1 male to
multiple females
What is the Gelada research project called? correct answers Guassa Gelada research project
What is known as the "roof of Africa"? correct answers Ethiopia (where Guassa Gelada's are
researched): high elevation vs. low desert
What are the traits of Guassa grass? correct answers really long, trough, each blade is like a
piece of rope. so rough to touch you could bleed.
Are Geleda's terrestrial or arboreal primates? correct answers Terrestrial! they play in trees
but fall out.
Gelada primate morphology influenced by diet correct answers -big molar teeth to crush
things
- pluck grass with their hands: have great dexterity (pincer-like)
- teeth like scissors - sheering ridges in their teeth
Why do Gelada's have long manes? correct answers It is a secondary sexual characteristic
(not directly involved in reproduction)
Why do Gelada's have red chest patches? correct answers Put energy into the redness of their
chest patch: males and females can see it and assess each other without fighting
Gelada's canine teeth correct answers - male-male competition
- used to slice each other up
- Geladas have the second largest canine teeth compared to body size
In Gelada troops, are females close? correct answers - closely related: sisters, aunts, moms,
and daughters
- stay at home and bond
What is the infanticide hypothesis? correct answers - unweened infants are at risk
- male-male competition: it is a new alpha male's reproductive interest to kill another male's
baby to increase their own reproductive success
- killing the baby makes the mother start Estrous cycle (reproductive hormones)
- infants that are weened and not breastfeeding are left alone: better for males to develop a
social bond with them
What time of day does birth happen? correct answers - usually at night
- usually away from the group
- might drag placenta around and eat it
,Which two wolves were seen mingling with the Geladas? correct answers - Golden
Jackal/African wolf (less tolerated)
- Ethiopian wolf
which size incisor means they eat no fruit or plenty of fruit small vs large? correct answers
small incisors = no fruit
large incisors = plenty of fruit
What does primate stand for? correct answers first mate
Why study primates in anthropology? correct answers - primates are our closest living
relatives
- like other primates, humans are highly social
- some morphological and behavioural characteristics we perceive as "human" were inherited
by our Non-human primate ancestors (NHP)
what are the primates? correct answers they are one of the 22 orders of mammals
what is the older classification of the primate order phylogeny? correct answers prosimians
vs. anthropoids
what is a prosimian? correct answers lemurs, lorises, tarsiers
("early primate")
what is an anthropoid? correct answers new world monkeys
old world monkeys
apes
(human-like)
what is the preferred classification of the primate order phylogeny? correct answers
Strepsirrhines vs. haplorhines
what is a strepsirrhine? correct answers lemurs & Lorises
what is a haplorhine? correct answers Tarsiers
new world monkeys
old world monkeys
apes
what kind of nose does a strepsirrhine have? correct answers curved nose
wet nose
nostrils turned inwards
what kind of nose does a haplorrhine have? correct answers simple nose
dry nose
what are the shared suite of 6 traits of a primate? correct answers 1 - emphasis on vision more
than smell
2- emphasis on manual dexterity (opposable thumbs, nails instead of claws)
, 3- "generalized" dentition (New world monkeys: 2.1.3.3) (Old world monkeys/humans:
2.1.2.3)
4- Big brains for their body mass
5- long life-spans and slow growth
6- social relationships
where are new world primates found? correct answers south/central America (tropical
regions, mostly forests)
where are old world primates found? correct answers Africa and Asia
Which ape is a lesser ape? correct answers Gibbons and siamang
Which apes are the great apes? correct answers - chimpanzees
- gorillas
-orangutans
- bonobo
- humans
Who said the following: "[A monkeys'] face resembles that of man in many respects; in other
words, it has similar nostrils and ears, and teethlike those of man, both front teeth and
molars"
And "It has also arms like man, only covered with hair, and it bends these legs like man, with
the convexities of both limbs facing one another. In addition, it has hands and fingers and
nails like man, only that all these parts are somewhat more beast-like in appearance"? correct
answers Aristotle
who was the first scholar to insist humans are primates? correct answers Carl von Linnaeus
was Carl von Linneous happy that humans were primates? correct answers No. he said: "It is
not pleasing that I placed humans among the primates...But I ask you and the whole world a
generic difference between men and simians in accordance with the principles of Natural
History. I certainly know none. If only someone would tell me one!"
what order was the old phylogeny? correct answers apes - monkeys - humans (humans, apes
and monkeys share an LCA but it was thought that apes and monkeys share an LCA and
monkeys do not share with humans)
what order is the new view, 1860s onwards, of the primate phylogeny? correct answers
humans - apes - monkeys (humans, apes, and monkeys share a LCA. however, apes and
monkeys do not. Apes branch off of humans)
What is a part of Pan and why? correct answers chimpanzee and bonobo because they are
genetically closer to humans
what do we know about the LCA? correct answers - black-haired
- knuckle-walking
- chimp-sized
- eating fruits/leaves
- ape-size brain
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What is another name for the Gelada monkey? correct answers Bleeding heart baboon
What mating system do Gelada's have? correct answers Polygynous (Harem): 1 male to
multiple females
What is the Gelada research project called? correct answers Guassa Gelada research project
What is known as the "roof of Africa"? correct answers Ethiopia (where Guassa Gelada's are
researched): high elevation vs. low desert
What are the traits of Guassa grass? correct answers really long, trough, each blade is like a
piece of rope. so rough to touch you could bleed.
Are Geleda's terrestrial or arboreal primates? correct answers Terrestrial! they play in trees
but fall out.
Gelada primate morphology influenced by diet correct answers -big molar teeth to crush
things
- pluck grass with their hands: have great dexterity (pincer-like)
- teeth like scissors - sheering ridges in their teeth
Why do Gelada's have long manes? correct answers It is a secondary sexual characteristic
(not directly involved in reproduction)
Why do Gelada's have red chest patches? correct answers Put energy into the redness of their
chest patch: males and females can see it and assess each other without fighting
Gelada's canine teeth correct answers - male-male competition
- used to slice each other up
- Geladas have the second largest canine teeth compared to body size
In Gelada troops, are females close? correct answers - closely related: sisters, aunts, moms,
and daughters
- stay at home and bond
What is the infanticide hypothesis? correct answers - unweened infants are at risk
- male-male competition: it is a new alpha male's reproductive interest to kill another male's
baby to increase their own reproductive success
- killing the baby makes the mother start Estrous cycle (reproductive hormones)
- infants that are weened and not breastfeeding are left alone: better for males to develop a
social bond with them
What time of day does birth happen? correct answers - usually at night
- usually away from the group
- might drag placenta around and eat it
,Which two wolves were seen mingling with the Geladas? correct answers - Golden
Jackal/African wolf (less tolerated)
- Ethiopian wolf
which size incisor means they eat no fruit or plenty of fruit small vs large? correct answers
small incisors = no fruit
large incisors = plenty of fruit
What does primate stand for? correct answers first mate
Why study primates in anthropology? correct answers - primates are our closest living
relatives
- like other primates, humans are highly social
- some morphological and behavioural characteristics we perceive as "human" were inherited
by our Non-human primate ancestors (NHP)
what are the primates? correct answers they are one of the 22 orders of mammals
what is the older classification of the primate order phylogeny? correct answers prosimians
vs. anthropoids
what is a prosimian? correct answers lemurs, lorises, tarsiers
("early primate")
what is an anthropoid? correct answers new world monkeys
old world monkeys
apes
(human-like)
what is the preferred classification of the primate order phylogeny? correct answers
Strepsirrhines vs. haplorhines
what is a strepsirrhine? correct answers lemurs & Lorises
what is a haplorhine? correct answers Tarsiers
new world monkeys
old world monkeys
apes
what kind of nose does a strepsirrhine have? correct answers curved nose
wet nose
nostrils turned inwards
what kind of nose does a haplorrhine have? correct answers simple nose
dry nose
what are the shared suite of 6 traits of a primate? correct answers 1 - emphasis on vision more
than smell
2- emphasis on manual dexterity (opposable thumbs, nails instead of claws)
, 3- "generalized" dentition (New world monkeys: 2.1.3.3) (Old world monkeys/humans:
2.1.2.3)
4- Big brains for their body mass
5- long life-spans and slow growth
6- social relationships
where are new world primates found? correct answers south/central America (tropical
regions, mostly forests)
where are old world primates found? correct answers Africa and Asia
Which ape is a lesser ape? correct answers Gibbons and siamang
Which apes are the great apes? correct answers - chimpanzees
- gorillas
-orangutans
- bonobo
- humans
Who said the following: "[A monkeys'] face resembles that of man in many respects; in other
words, it has similar nostrils and ears, and teethlike those of man, both front teeth and
molars"
And "It has also arms like man, only covered with hair, and it bends these legs like man, with
the convexities of both limbs facing one another. In addition, it has hands and fingers and
nails like man, only that all these parts are somewhat more beast-like in appearance"? correct
answers Aristotle
who was the first scholar to insist humans are primates? correct answers Carl von Linnaeus
was Carl von Linneous happy that humans were primates? correct answers No. he said: "It is
not pleasing that I placed humans among the primates...But I ask you and the whole world a
generic difference between men and simians in accordance with the principles of Natural
History. I certainly know none. If only someone would tell me one!"
what order was the old phylogeny? correct answers apes - monkeys - humans (humans, apes
and monkeys share an LCA but it was thought that apes and monkeys share an LCA and
monkeys do not share with humans)
what order is the new view, 1860s onwards, of the primate phylogeny? correct answers
humans - apes - monkeys (humans, apes, and monkeys share a LCA. however, apes and
monkeys do not. Apes branch off of humans)
What is a part of Pan and why? correct answers chimpanzee and bonobo because they are
genetically closer to humans
what do we know about the LCA? correct answers - black-haired
- knuckle-walking
- chimp-sized
- eating fruits/leaves
- ape-size brain
