Literature Evaluation Table
Student Name:
Summary of Clinical Issue:
During my time as a prenatal nurse, one experience I noted was that some of the women were still smoking during their pregnancy.
Smokers have a raise mortality rate averages from 50% to 116% compared to non-smokers. Tobacco consumption kills users
averagely 15 years earlier than nonsmokers. Moreover, smoking claims a third of users. Maternal smoking is a significant contributor
to preventable pregnancy complications, including perinatal mortality, which rises up to 150% where a mother smokes. Indeed, the
risk of perinatal mortality is heightened regardless of the number of cigarettes a mother takes. Conversely, the risk of perinatal
mortality reduces sharply. Another complication prevalent in smoking mothers is premature birth, with smoking account for 15% of
cases of premature birth. Beyond that, smoking impacts on fetal growth, affecting aspects such as the fetus’ head and thorax perimeter,
shoulder development, and even height. However, studies indicate that the proportion of female smokers is growing and many of them
continue to smoke in their reproductive period and their early stages of period, before they can verify the pregnancy. Furthermore, a
small share of pregnant women continue smoking during their gestational period. Actively smoking during the gestational period and
during motherhood predisposes infants to respiratory illness, asthma, and even Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. In fact, smoking
cessation decreases likelihood of preterm birth and it increases infant’s birth weight. Thus, this capstone project is concerned with
helping pregnant women to stop smoking during pregnancy.
PICOT Question: In pregnant women who smoke, how does nicotine replacement therapy (I) compared to placebo (C) help in
smoking cessation within a 6 months period (T)?
Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3
APA-Formatted Thomson, R., McDaid, L., Emery, J., Bowker, K., Campbell, K. A., McDaid, L., Thomson, R.,
Article Citation Naughton, F., Cooper, S., Dyas, J., & Coleman, T., Lewis, S., Emery, J., Coleman, T., Cooper,
with Permalink Coleman, T. (2019). Knowledge and Naughton, F., & Cooper, S. S., Phillips, L., ... & Naughton, F.
Education as Barriers and Facilitators (2016). Understanding pregnant (2020). Understanding pregnant
to Nicotine Replacement Therapy Use smokers’ adherence to nicotine women’s adherence‐related
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
, for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: replacement therapy during a beliefs about Nicotine
A Qualitative Study with Health Care quit attempt: a qualitative Replacement Therapy for
Professionals. International journal of study. Nicotine & Tobacco smoking cessation: A qualitative
environmental research and public Research, 18(5), 906-912. study. British Journal of Health
health, 16(10), 1814. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1610181 ntv205 https://doi.org/10.1111/
4 bjhp.12463
How Does the The article analyzes why pregnant The article explores why The study sought to understand
Article Relate to women fail to use Nicotine pregnant smokers have low the needs of pregnant smokers
the PICOT Replacement Therapy. It builds on the adherence to NRT when they are and their concerns in using NRT
Question? perspectives of healthcare attempting to quit.
professionals who offer care to
pregnant women.
Quantitative, The study is qualitative, as it used theThe study is qualitative, as it Qualitative study with semi-
Qualitative (How group interview approach of focus and uses semi-structured interviews structured interviews for data
do you know?) expert groups. conducted through the telephone collection
and it uses inductive thematic
analysis for data analysis.
Purpose Since many pregnant women are To understand the subjective To understand the necessity
Statement directed toward NRT, there is need for experience of pregnant smokers beliefs of women that influence
greater understanding from the who chose to discontinue NRT low adherence to NRT use?
perspective of healthcare use or who fail to use the
professionals about factors that medication.
influence adherence of pregnant
smokers to NRT when they are trying
to quit.
Research How does practitioners use of What is the experience of What are the necessity beliefs and
Question knowledge and information influence pregnant women when using concerns that influence pregnant
uptake of NRT among pregnant NRT? smokers’ use of NRT?
smokers?
Outcome The study found that NRT could be Women reported mixed feelings Pregnant smokers had low
both a barrier and a facilitator to NRT toward NRT in helping them to necessity reliefs relating to NRT
2
Student Name:
Summary of Clinical Issue:
During my time as a prenatal nurse, one experience I noted was that some of the women were still smoking during their pregnancy.
Smokers have a raise mortality rate averages from 50% to 116% compared to non-smokers. Tobacco consumption kills users
averagely 15 years earlier than nonsmokers. Moreover, smoking claims a third of users. Maternal smoking is a significant contributor
to preventable pregnancy complications, including perinatal mortality, which rises up to 150% where a mother smokes. Indeed, the
risk of perinatal mortality is heightened regardless of the number of cigarettes a mother takes. Conversely, the risk of perinatal
mortality reduces sharply. Another complication prevalent in smoking mothers is premature birth, with smoking account for 15% of
cases of premature birth. Beyond that, smoking impacts on fetal growth, affecting aspects such as the fetus’ head and thorax perimeter,
shoulder development, and even height. However, studies indicate that the proportion of female smokers is growing and many of them
continue to smoke in their reproductive period and their early stages of period, before they can verify the pregnancy. Furthermore, a
small share of pregnant women continue smoking during their gestational period. Actively smoking during the gestational period and
during motherhood predisposes infants to respiratory illness, asthma, and even Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. In fact, smoking
cessation decreases likelihood of preterm birth and it increases infant’s birth weight. Thus, this capstone project is concerned with
helping pregnant women to stop smoking during pregnancy.
PICOT Question: In pregnant women who smoke, how does nicotine replacement therapy (I) compared to placebo (C) help in
smoking cessation within a 6 months period (T)?
Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3
APA-Formatted Thomson, R., McDaid, L., Emery, J., Bowker, K., Campbell, K. A., McDaid, L., Thomson, R.,
Article Citation Naughton, F., Cooper, S., Dyas, J., & Coleman, T., Lewis, S., Emery, J., Coleman, T., Cooper,
with Permalink Coleman, T. (2019). Knowledge and Naughton, F., & Cooper, S. S., Phillips, L., ... & Naughton, F.
Education as Barriers and Facilitators (2016). Understanding pregnant (2020). Understanding pregnant
to Nicotine Replacement Therapy Use smokers’ adherence to nicotine women’s adherence‐related
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
, for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: replacement therapy during a beliefs about Nicotine
A Qualitative Study with Health Care quit attempt: a qualitative Replacement Therapy for
Professionals. International journal of study. Nicotine & Tobacco smoking cessation: A qualitative
environmental research and public Research, 18(5), 906-912. study. British Journal of Health
health, 16(10), 1814. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1610181 ntv205 https://doi.org/10.1111/
4 bjhp.12463
How Does the The article analyzes why pregnant The article explores why The study sought to understand
Article Relate to women fail to use Nicotine pregnant smokers have low the needs of pregnant smokers
the PICOT Replacement Therapy. It builds on the adherence to NRT when they are and their concerns in using NRT
Question? perspectives of healthcare attempting to quit.
professionals who offer care to
pregnant women.
Quantitative, The study is qualitative, as it used theThe study is qualitative, as it Qualitative study with semi-
Qualitative (How group interview approach of focus and uses semi-structured interviews structured interviews for data
do you know?) expert groups. conducted through the telephone collection
and it uses inductive thematic
analysis for data analysis.
Purpose Since many pregnant women are To understand the subjective To understand the necessity
Statement directed toward NRT, there is need for experience of pregnant smokers beliefs of women that influence
greater understanding from the who chose to discontinue NRT low adherence to NRT use?
perspective of healthcare use or who fail to use the
professionals about factors that medication.
influence adherence of pregnant
smokers to NRT when they are trying
to quit.
Research How does practitioners use of What is the experience of What are the necessity beliefs and
Question knowledge and information influence pregnant women when using concerns that influence pregnant
uptake of NRT among pregnant NRT? smokers’ use of NRT?
smokers?
Outcome The study found that NRT could be Women reported mixed feelings Pregnant smokers had low
both a barrier and a facilitator to NRT toward NRT in helping them to necessity reliefs relating to NRT
2
