NURS 5315 Pathophysiology - Exam 3 - UTA
100% correct answers /pass
1. Arteriosclerosis: Thick and Hardened artery
HTN | Smoking | Diabetes
Intima is damaged and walls stiffen. Elasticity and compliance decreases.
2. Atherosclerosis: Fatty Deposits
Plaques form | tissue inflamed | High amount of LDL's (low-density lipopro- teins=mor
fat than protein)
3. Hypertension: the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
Pre - Stage I - Stage II
,4. Preload: Volume of blood returning from the heart.
Normal volume = 4-6ml
5. Afterload: Amount of blood ejected from the heart
6. Contractility: How effectively the heart works to eject blood "toned"
7. Arterial Insufficiency: Muscle tone and the state of the lumen are compromised.
8. Aneurysms: A ballooning and weakened area in an artery.
9. Venous Disorders: Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
10. Valvular Disorders: Gravity Winning - not necessarily pathogenic
Valve Incompetence - pathology invlolved
11. Cardiogenic Shock: Heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to meet your
body's needs
12. What side of the heart is the Arterial side?: The LEFT. OXYGENATED blood is
going "out" via aorta to all arteries and tissues
13. What side of the heart is the Venous side?: The RIGHT. DEOXYGENATED blood
if flowing "in" from all the veins and tissues.
,14. Inotropic: POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY modifying the force or speed of con-
traction of muscles.
pos- pumps faster
neg- pumps less
15. Systemic Vasodilation: from anaphalaxis or Sepsis
16. Analyphalyaxis: severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can oc-
cur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to.
Low blood pressure (hypotension) A
weak and rapid pulse
17. In a case of HIGH preload: Volume too LARGE- heart is working too hard.
CAUSES: Fluid Excess States
1. heart failure
2. iatrogenic fluid overload
3. hormonal imbalances (SIADH)
18. In a case of LOW preload: Volume too SMALL - not enough to sustain good
, perfusion
CAUSES:
Fluid volume deficit (bleeding, dehydration, hormonal imbalances like DI) Systemic
vasodilation (blood pools in periphery- sepsis, anaphylaxis)
19. Afterload problems: Resistance - ANY resistance to forward flow
20. RV Afterload Pathologies: Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Too High due to athero/arteriosclerosis of pulmonary vasculature (narrowed stiff
pulmonary artery) Stiff noncompliant lung tissue (lung disease)
If RV afterload too high, can result in RIGHT heart failure. COR PULMONALE
21. LV Afterload Pathologies: Systemic Vascular Resistance
Too high due to :
athero/arteriosclerosis (narrowed stiff vasoconstricted aorta & systemic arteries)
high resistance
If LV afterload too high, can result in LEFT heart failure. (LHF)
Too Low:
100% correct answers /pass
1. Arteriosclerosis: Thick and Hardened artery
HTN | Smoking | Diabetes
Intima is damaged and walls stiffen. Elasticity and compliance decreases.
2. Atherosclerosis: Fatty Deposits
Plaques form | tissue inflamed | High amount of LDL's (low-density lipopro- teins=mor
fat than protein)
3. Hypertension: the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
Pre - Stage I - Stage II
,4. Preload: Volume of blood returning from the heart.
Normal volume = 4-6ml
5. Afterload: Amount of blood ejected from the heart
6. Contractility: How effectively the heart works to eject blood "toned"
7. Arterial Insufficiency: Muscle tone and the state of the lumen are compromised.
8. Aneurysms: A ballooning and weakened area in an artery.
9. Venous Disorders: Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
10. Valvular Disorders: Gravity Winning - not necessarily pathogenic
Valve Incompetence - pathology invlolved
11. Cardiogenic Shock: Heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to meet your
body's needs
12. What side of the heart is the Arterial side?: The LEFT. OXYGENATED blood is
going "out" via aorta to all arteries and tissues
13. What side of the heart is the Venous side?: The RIGHT. DEOXYGENATED blood
if flowing "in" from all the veins and tissues.
,14. Inotropic: POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY modifying the force or speed of con-
traction of muscles.
pos- pumps faster
neg- pumps less
15. Systemic Vasodilation: from anaphalaxis or Sepsis
16. Analyphalyaxis: severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can oc-
cur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to.
Low blood pressure (hypotension) A
weak and rapid pulse
17. In a case of HIGH preload: Volume too LARGE- heart is working too hard.
CAUSES: Fluid Excess States
1. heart failure
2. iatrogenic fluid overload
3. hormonal imbalances (SIADH)
18. In a case of LOW preload: Volume too SMALL - not enough to sustain good
, perfusion
CAUSES:
Fluid volume deficit (bleeding, dehydration, hormonal imbalances like DI) Systemic
vasodilation (blood pools in periphery- sepsis, anaphylaxis)
19. Afterload problems: Resistance - ANY resistance to forward flow
20. RV Afterload Pathologies: Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Too High due to athero/arteriosclerosis of pulmonary vasculature (narrowed stiff
pulmonary artery) Stiff noncompliant lung tissue (lung disease)
If RV afterload too high, can result in RIGHT heart failure. COR PULMONALE
21. LV Afterload Pathologies: Systemic Vascular Resistance
Too high due to :
athero/arteriosclerosis (narrowed stiff vasoconstricted aorta & systemic arteries)
high resistance
If LV afterload too high, can result in LEFT heart failure. (LHF)
Too Low:
