BIOD331 Pathophysiology Final Exam QUESTIONS WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up with the
recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: - ANSWER-Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent diagnostic tests
revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a blood thinner to prevent a
future neurologic event. This would be an example of: - ANSWER-Tertiary prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father recently
passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: - ANSWER-Secondary
prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances -
ANSWER-False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large intestine in
one direction. - ANSWER-Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to push digestive
contents forward and backward - ANSWER-Segmentation Waves
,True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. - ANSWER-False, one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. - ANSWER-True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His hemoglobin
levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? - ANSWER-Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
ANSWER-Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
ANSWER-Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-It is involved in cellular
respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? - ANSWER-It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? - ANSWER-25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? - ANSWER-Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the differentiation of red blood
cells within bone marrow? - ANSWER-Erythropoietin
,Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-Controls the transport of
materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth. -
ANSWER-False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and possesses a rapid rate
of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of
growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of
growth. - ANSWER-False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and
possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. - ANSWER-Any combination of the
following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of tissues of origin,
and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by expansion and remain localized to
their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy
tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other parts of the body, and lack well- defined margins.
They can compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue
injury.
, Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. - ANSWER-In dry gangrene the
affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown
or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut-off in arterial blood supply and
is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and
pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction
occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They
mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their local gym because they read that
weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution would you give to them
as they participate in this program? - ANSWER-While weight-bearing exercises have been shown
to increase bone density, they should be done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for falls as they
are at increased risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They
mention to you that they are doing safe, weight bearing exercises each day to increase bone
density. They are also taking a Calcium supplement. What additional supplement would you
recommend they take? Explain why. - ANSWER-They should also take a Vitamin D supplement,
as it helps to increase calcium absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. You have suggested that they start taking Calcium and Vitamin D daily. What else
can you recommend to slow the progression of this disease? - ANSWER-You should recommend
regular weight-bearing exercises to increase bone density. This should be done in a safe manner
minimizing the risk for falls.
(The key is safety. Weight-bearing exercises done safely is the best answer, but exercise done in
a way that minimizes risk of fractures is the key. Exercises done safely as an answer should
receive full credit.)
True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized
cell types. - ANSWER-False, cell differentiation
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up with the
recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: - ANSWER-Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent diagnostic tests
revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a blood thinner to prevent a
future neurologic event. This would be an example of: - ANSWER-Tertiary prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father recently
passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: - ANSWER-Secondary
prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances -
ANSWER-False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large intestine in
one direction. - ANSWER-Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to push digestive
contents forward and backward - ANSWER-Segmentation Waves
,True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. - ANSWER-False, one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. - ANSWER-True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His hemoglobin
levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? - ANSWER-Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
ANSWER-Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
ANSWER-Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-It is involved in cellular
respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? - ANSWER-It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? - ANSWER-25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? - ANSWER-Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the differentiation of red blood
cells within bone marrow? - ANSWER-Erythropoietin
,Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-Controls the transport of
materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth. -
ANSWER-False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and possesses a rapid rate
of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of
growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of
growth. - ANSWER-False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and
possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. - ANSWER-Any combination of the
following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of tissues of origin,
and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by expansion and remain localized to
their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy
tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other parts of the body, and lack well- defined margins.
They can compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue
injury.
, Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. - ANSWER-In dry gangrene the
affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown
or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut-off in arterial blood supply and
is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and
pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction
occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They
mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their local gym because they read that
weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution would you give to them
as they participate in this program? - ANSWER-While weight-bearing exercises have been shown
to increase bone density, they should be done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for falls as they
are at increased risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They
mention to you that they are doing safe, weight bearing exercises each day to increase bone
density. They are also taking a Calcium supplement. What additional supplement would you
recommend they take? Explain why. - ANSWER-They should also take a Vitamin D supplement,
as it helps to increase calcium absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. You have suggested that they start taking Calcium and Vitamin D daily. What else
can you recommend to slow the progression of this disease? - ANSWER-You should recommend
regular weight-bearing exercises to increase bone density. This should be done in a safe manner
minimizing the risk for falls.
(The key is safety. Weight-bearing exercises done safely is the best answer, but exercise done in
a way that minimizes risk of fractures is the key. Exercises done safely as an answer should
receive full credit.)
True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized
cell types. - ANSWER-False, cell differentiation
