MICROBIOLOGY IUPUI EXAM 1 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Transmissible - ....ANSWER ...-an infectious disease agent that's
transmitted from either reservoir or a portal. It is transmitted in 3 modes: (1)
contact, (2) vehicle, (3) vector
Contact Transmission - ....ANSWER ...--Direct: person to person (kissing)
-Indirect: one host to another by fomites (needles, toothbrush)
-Droplet: droplets of mucus that exit mouth (cold and flu)
Vehicle Transmission - ....ANSWER ...-spread of pathogens via air, drinking
water, and food. Also, blood and bodily fluids handled outside of the body
(airborne, waterborne, food borne, blood and body fluids)
Vector Transmission - ....ANSWER ...-animals that transmit diseases from
one host to another
-Biological: vectors affecting humans are biting arthropods (mosquito)
-Mechanical: passively carry pathogens to new hosts on their feet or other body
parts (houseflies, cockroach)
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,Epidemic - ....ANSWER ...-appearance of infectious disease or condition
that attacks many people at the same time in the same area (flu)
Pandemic - ....ANSWER ...-epidemic that occurs simultaneously on more
than one continent (AIDS)
Endemic - ....ANSWER ...-disease peculiar and recurring constantly in a
particular locality or population (histoplasmosis-ohio valley)
Contagious - ....ANSWER ...-communicable disease that is easily transmitted
from a reservoir or person (cold)
Epidemiology - ....ANSWER ...-study of the occurrence, distribution, and
spread of disease in humans
Incidence - ....ANSWER ...-number of new cases of a disease in a given area
or population during a given period of time
Prevalence - ....ANSWER ...-the total number of cases, new and existing in a
given area or population during a given period of time
Flagellum - ....ANSWER ...-provides motility
Fimbria - ....ANSWER ...-small bristle like fibers on surface; helps bacteria
stick to each other and surfaces
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, Pillus - ....ANSWER ...-rigid tubular structure that helps with sexual
reproduction
Cell envelope - ....ANSWER ...-composed of the glycocalyx, cell wall and cell
membrane; protects the cell
Glycocalyx - ....ANSWER ...-coating of macro molecules: protects the cell,
helps adhere to environment
Capsule - ....ANSWER ...-bound to cell, thick & gummy, makes bacteria
more virulent which protects bacteria from phagocytosis by the cells of the host,
prevents dying out of bacteria, aids in attachment to surfaces
Protoplasm - ....ANSWER ...-site of biochemical and synthetic activity,
70/80% water (blood of the cell)
Chromatin body - ....ANSWER ...-bacterial chromosome, DNA aggregates
in nucleoid
Plasmid - ....ANSWER ...-circular piece of DNA, provides resistance to
drugs, used in genetic engineering
Ribosomes - ....ANSWER ...-protein synthesis
inclusion granules - ....ANSWER ...-concentrate nutrients inside the cell,
storage & are not permanent
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Transmissible - ....ANSWER ...-an infectious disease agent that's
transmitted from either reservoir or a portal. It is transmitted in 3 modes: (1)
contact, (2) vehicle, (3) vector
Contact Transmission - ....ANSWER ...--Direct: person to person (kissing)
-Indirect: one host to another by fomites (needles, toothbrush)
-Droplet: droplets of mucus that exit mouth (cold and flu)
Vehicle Transmission - ....ANSWER ...-spread of pathogens via air, drinking
water, and food. Also, blood and bodily fluids handled outside of the body
(airborne, waterborne, food borne, blood and body fluids)
Vector Transmission - ....ANSWER ...-animals that transmit diseases from
one host to another
-Biological: vectors affecting humans are biting arthropods (mosquito)
-Mechanical: passively carry pathogens to new hosts on their feet or other body
parts (houseflies, cockroach)
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,Epidemic - ....ANSWER ...-appearance of infectious disease or condition
that attacks many people at the same time in the same area (flu)
Pandemic - ....ANSWER ...-epidemic that occurs simultaneously on more
than one continent (AIDS)
Endemic - ....ANSWER ...-disease peculiar and recurring constantly in a
particular locality or population (histoplasmosis-ohio valley)
Contagious - ....ANSWER ...-communicable disease that is easily transmitted
from a reservoir or person (cold)
Epidemiology - ....ANSWER ...-study of the occurrence, distribution, and
spread of disease in humans
Incidence - ....ANSWER ...-number of new cases of a disease in a given area
or population during a given period of time
Prevalence - ....ANSWER ...-the total number of cases, new and existing in a
given area or population during a given period of time
Flagellum - ....ANSWER ...-provides motility
Fimbria - ....ANSWER ...-small bristle like fibers on surface; helps bacteria
stick to each other and surfaces
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, Pillus - ....ANSWER ...-rigid tubular structure that helps with sexual
reproduction
Cell envelope - ....ANSWER ...-composed of the glycocalyx, cell wall and cell
membrane; protects the cell
Glycocalyx - ....ANSWER ...-coating of macro molecules: protects the cell,
helps adhere to environment
Capsule - ....ANSWER ...-bound to cell, thick & gummy, makes bacteria
more virulent which protects bacteria from phagocytosis by the cells of the host,
prevents dying out of bacteria, aids in attachment to surfaces
Protoplasm - ....ANSWER ...-site of biochemical and synthetic activity,
70/80% water (blood of the cell)
Chromatin body - ....ANSWER ...-bacterial chromosome, DNA aggregates
in nucleoid
Plasmid - ....ANSWER ...-circular piece of DNA, provides resistance to
drugs, used in genetic engineering
Ribosomes - ....ANSWER ...-protein synthesis
inclusion granules - ....ANSWER ...-concentrate nutrients inside the cell,
storage & are not permanent
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
