njaminkiA.kiPierce
,Chapterki1:kiIntroductionkitokiGeneticskifromkiGenetics:kiAkiConceptualkiApproach
1. Whichkiofkithekifollowingkibestkidefineskigenetics?
A) Thekistudykiofkilivingkiorganisms
B) Thekistudykiofkigeneskiandkiheredity
C) Thekistudykiofkidiseaseskiandkitheirkicauses
D) Thekistudykiofkicellkistructures
CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)kiThekistudykiofkigeneskiandkiheredity
Rationale:kiGeneticskifocuseskispecificallykionkihowkitraitskiandkicharacteristicskiarekiinher
itedkithroughkigenes.kiThiskifoundationalkiknowledgekiiskicrucialkiforkiunderstandingkimoreki
complexkigenetickiconcepts.kiUnderstandingkigeneticskiiskiessentialkiforkinurses,kiaskitheyki
maykidealkiwithkigenetickiconditionskiandkicounseling.
2. Whichkitermkidescribeskithekiobservablekicharacteristicskiofkiankiorganism?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)kiPhenotype
Rationale:kiThekiphenotypekireferskitokithekiphysicalkiexpressionkiofkigenetickitraits,kiwhil
ekigenotypekireferskitokithekigenetickimakeup.kiNurseskimustkibekiablekitokidifferentiatekibet
weenkithesekitermskitokiprovidekieffectivekieducationkiandkisupportkitokipatientskiregardingk
igenetickiconditions.
3. WhatkiiskithekiprimarykifunctionkiofkiDNA?
A) Tokiprovidekienergykiforkicellularkiprocesses
B) Tokistorekiandkitransmitkigenetickiinformation
C) Tokicatalyzekibiochemicalkireactions
D) Tokiservekiaskiakistructuralkicomponentkiofkicells
CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)kiTokistorekiandkitransmitkigenetickiinformation
Rationale:kiDNAkiholdskithekiinstructionskiforkithekidevelopmentkiandkifunctioningkiofkiliving
kiorganisms,kiwhichkiiskicentralkitokigenetickistudies.kiUnderstandingkithekirolekiofkiDNAkiiskivit
alkiforkinurses,kiespeciallykiwhenkidiscussingkigenetickitestingkiandkicounseling.
4. Whichkiofkithekifollowingkibestkidescribeskialleles?
A) Differentkiformskiofkiakigene
B) Thekisamekiformkiofkiakigene
C) Chromosomeskithatkideterminekisex
D) Cellskithatkicontainkigenetickimaterial
CorrectkiAnswer:kiA)kiDifferentkiformskiofkiakigene
Rationale:kiAlleleskirepresentkivariationskiofkiakiparticularkigene,kicontributingkitokigeneti
ckidiversity.kiNurseskimustkiunderstandkialleleskitokihelpkiexplainkiinheritancekipatternskiand
kigenetickidisorderskitokipatients.
5. Ifkiakipersonkihaskitwokiidenticalkialleleskiforkiakitrait,kitheykiarekiconsidered:
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
, CorrectkiAnswer:kiA)kiHomozygous
Rationale:kiHomozygouskiindividualskihavekitwokicopieskiofkithekisamekiallele,kiwhilekihet
erozygouskiindividualskihavekidifferentkialleles.kiThiskidistinctionkiiskiessentialkiinkigenetics,
kiaskiitkiinfluenceskithekiexpressionkiofkitraitskiandkithekiriskkiofkigenetickidisorders.
6. Whatkiiskiakigene?
A) AkisegmentkiofkiDNAkithatkicodeskiforkiakiprotein
B) Thekiphysicalkilocationkiofkichromosomes
C) ThekicompletekisetkiofkiDNAkiinkiankiorganism
D) Akistructurekithatkicarrieskinutrientskiinkicells
CorrectkiAnswer:kiA)kiAkisegmentkiofkiDNAkithatkicodeskiforkiakiprotein
Rationale:kiGeneskiarekithekibasickiunitskiofkihereditykiandkiarekicrucialkiforkiproducingkipr
oteinskithatkicarrykioutkivariouskifunctionskiinkithekibody.kiUnderstandingkigenekifunctionkiis
kiessentialkiforkinurseskitokiassesskigenetickiriskskiandkiprovidekiappropriatekipatientkieducat
ion.
7. Whichkigenetickidisorderkiiskicausedkibykiakisinglekigenekimutation?
A) Cystickifibrosis
B) Downkisyndrome
C) Turnerkisyndrome
D) Hemophilia
CorrectkiAnswer:kiA)kiCystickifibrosis
Rationale:kiCystickifibrosiskiiskiankiautosomalkirecessivekidisorderkiresultingkifromkimutati
onskiinkithekiCFTRkigene,kiillustratingkiMendeliankiinheritancekipatterns.kiRecognizingkisu
chkidisorderskiallowskinurseskitokiprovidekibetterkicarekiandkimanagementkistrategieskiforkia
ffectedkiindividuals.
8. InkiMendeliankiinheritance,kiwhatkiiskithekiexpectedkiphenotypickiratiokiofkiakimon
ohybridkicross?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:2:1
CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)ki3:1
Rationale:kiAkimonohybridkicrosskitypicallykiresultskiinkiaki3:1kiratiokiofkidominantkitokire
cessivekiphenotypes.kiThiskiknowledgekiiskiimportantkiforkinurseskiinvolvedkiinkigenetickico
unseling,kiaskiitkihelpskiexplainkiinheritancekipatternskitokifamilies.
9. Whichkiofkithekifollowingkirepresentskiakicarrierkiforkiakirecessivekigenetickidisorder?
A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa
D) Nonekiofkithekiabove
CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)kiAa
Rationale:kiAkicarrierkihaskionekidominantkiandkionekirecessivekiallele,kishowingkinokisymp
tomskiofkithekidisorderkibutkicapablekiofkipassingkithekirecessivekiallelekitokioffspring.kiUnd
erstandingkicarrierskiiskivitalkiinkigenetickicounselingkiandkiassessingkifamilykirisks.
10. Whatkiiskithekisignificancekiofkithekihumankigenomekiproject?
A) Tokiclonekihumankigenes
B) Tokimapkithekientirekihumankigenome
C) Tokiidentifykigenetickidisorderskionly
D) Tokienhancekiagriculturalkicrops
, CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)kiTokimapkithekientirekihumankigenome
Rationale:kiThekiHumankiGenomekiProjectkiaimedkitokisequencekiandkiunderstandkiallkithek
igeneskiofkithekihumankispecies,kiwhichkihaskivastkiimplicationskiforkimedicinekiandkigeneti
cs.kiNurseskishouldkibekiawarekiofkithiskiprojectkiaskiitkiinformskigenetickitestingkiandkitreat
mentkioptions.
11. Whichkiofkithekifollowingkiiskiankiexamplekiofkiakidominantkitrait?
A) Bluekieyes
B) BloodkitypekiO
C) Hitchhiker'skithumb
D) Cystickifibrosis
CorrectkiAnswer:kiC)kiHitchhiker'skithumb
Rationale:kiHitchhiker'skithumbkiiskiakidominantkitrait;kithekiotherskiarekieitherkirecessiveki
orkibloodkitypeskideterminedkibykicodominance.kiUnderstandingkidominantkitraitskiiskicruci
alkiforkinurseskiwhenkidiscussingkigenetickiinheritancekiwithkipatients.
12. Inkiakipedigreekichart,kiakifilledkisymbolkitypicallykirepresentskiwhichkiofkithekifollowing?
A) Carrier
B) Affectedkiindividual
C) Male
D) Female
CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)kiAffectedkiindividual
Rationale:kiFilledkisymbolskiinkiakipedigreekiindicatekiindividualskiexpressingkiakiparticula
rkitraitkiorkiconditionkibeingkistudied.kiKnowledgekiofkipedigreekichartskiiskiessentialkiforkinu
rseskiassessingkifamilykihistorieskiandkigenetickirisks.
13. Whichkiofkithekifollowingkiiskitruekiregardingkisex-linkedkitraits?
A) Theykiarekiinheritedkiequallykibykimaleskiandkifemales.
B) Theykiarekialwayskiexpressedkiinkimales.
C) TheykiarekionlykifoundkionkithekiYkichromosome.
D) Theykiarekitypicallykimorekicommonkiinkimaleskithankifemales.
CorrectkiAnswer:kiD)kiTheykiarekitypicallykimorekicommonkiinkimaleskithankifemales.ki
Rationale:kiSex-
linkedkitraitskiarekioftenkicarriedkionkithekiXkichromosome,kileadingkitokihigherkiexpressio
nkiinkimales,kiwhokihavekionlykionekiXkichromosome.kiNurseskishouldkiunderstandkisex-
kilinkedkiinheritancekipatternskiforkieffectivekigenetickicounseling.
14. WhatkiiskithekirolekiofkimessengerkiRNAki(mRNA)kiinkiproteinkisynthesis?
A) Itkicatalyzeskithekiformationkiofkiproteins.
B) ItkicarrieskigenetickiinformationkifromkiDNAkitokiribosomes.
C) ItkihelpskiinkiDNAkireplication.
D) ItkiprotectskiDNAkifromkidegradation.
CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)kiItkicarrieskigenetickiinformationkifromkiDNAkitokiribosomes.
Rationale:kimRNAkiiskicrucialkiforkitranslatingkigenetickiinformationkiintokiproteins,kifunct
ioningkiaskiakitemplatekiforkiproteinkisynthesis.kiUnderstandingkimRNA'skirolekiaidskinurse
skiinkidiscussingkigenetickitherapieskiandkitreatments.
15. Whichkitermkidescribeskiankiorganism'skigenetickimakeup?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Trait
CorrectkiAnswer:kiB)kiGenotype