CITI TRAINING, MODULES 1-24
(BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH) EXAM
2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical
convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second,
that:
A. Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in no more than minimal
risk research.
B. Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from research.
C. Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
D. Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit. - ....ANSWER ...-C.
Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied
to a study employing human subjects?
A. Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected.
B. Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's consent to
participate.
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,C. Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of
risks.
D. Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the
population. - ....ANSWER ...-C. Determining that the study has a maximization of
benefits and a minimization of risks.
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
A. IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
B. Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
C. Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher Responsibility
D. Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice - ....ANSWER ...-D. Respect for
Persons, Beneficence, Justice
When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are considering if a potential
subject population is vulnerable, they should consider:
A. Are there adequate resources to conduct the study?
B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
C. Has the researcher completed required training?
D. Are the research procedures greater than minimal risk of harm? -
....ANSWER ...-B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
Which is an example of a situation where deferential vulnerability might be a factor?
A. An army medical officer recruiting subjects among lower ranks
B. A college professor recruiting among their students
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
D. An employer recruiting among persons who directly report to them -
....ANSWER ...-C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
In considering NBAC's analytic approach, an otherwise competent person who is
acutely ill might be considered at especially high risk of harm for:
A. Economic vulnerability
B. Situational cognitive vulnerability
C. Capacity-related cognitive vulnerability
D. Communicative vulnerability - ....ANSWER ...-B. Situational cognitive
vulnerability
Identify the following groups that are protected in the federal regulations (45 CFR 46),
specifically in Subparts B, C, and D with additional protections:
A. Pregnant women, prisoners, and mentally disabled
B. Children, prisoners, and terminally ill
C. Prisoners, children, and elderly
D. Pregnant women, prisoners, children - ....ANSWER ...-D. Pregnant women,
prisoners, children
The NBAC looks at characteristics individuals might have that would prevent them from
being able to provide voluntary informed consent. The traits may be thought of as falling
into six broad areas: cognitive or communicative, institutional, deferential, medical,
economic, and social. Prospective research subjects who are not able to comprehend
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, information, deliberate, and make decisions about participation in a proposed research
study have a:
A. Institutional vulnerability
B. Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
C. Physical vulnerability
D. Economic or social vulnerability - ....ANSWER ...-B. Cognitive or
communicative vulnerability
The use of prisoners in research is a concern under the Belmont principle of Justice
because:
A. Prisoners are less educated that the general population and have difficulty
understanding research
B. Prisoners may not be used to conduct research that only benefits the larger society
C. Prisoners are not a representative sample of the general population
D. Prisoners are not free to say no - ....ANSWER ...-B. Prisoners may not be used
to conduct research that only benefits the larger society
Which of the following is included in the Nuremberg Code:
A. Additional protection for vulnerable subjects
B. Equitable selection of subjects
C. Confidentiality of data
D. Voluntary consent - ....ANSWER ...-D. Voluntary consent
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
(BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH) EXAM
2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical
convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second,
that:
A. Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in no more than minimal
risk research.
B. Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from research.
C. Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
D. Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit. - ....ANSWER ...-C.
Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied
to a study employing human subjects?
A. Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected.
B. Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's consent to
participate.
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,C. Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of
risks.
D. Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the
population. - ....ANSWER ...-C. Determining that the study has a maximization of
benefits and a minimization of risks.
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
A. IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
B. Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
C. Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher Responsibility
D. Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice - ....ANSWER ...-D. Respect for
Persons, Beneficence, Justice
When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are considering if a potential
subject population is vulnerable, they should consider:
A. Are there adequate resources to conduct the study?
B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
C. Has the researcher completed required training?
D. Are the research procedures greater than minimal risk of harm? -
....ANSWER ...-B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
Which is an example of a situation where deferential vulnerability might be a factor?
A. An army medical officer recruiting subjects among lower ranks
B. A college professor recruiting among their students
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
D. An employer recruiting among persons who directly report to them -
....ANSWER ...-C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
In considering NBAC's analytic approach, an otherwise competent person who is
acutely ill might be considered at especially high risk of harm for:
A. Economic vulnerability
B. Situational cognitive vulnerability
C. Capacity-related cognitive vulnerability
D. Communicative vulnerability - ....ANSWER ...-B. Situational cognitive
vulnerability
Identify the following groups that are protected in the federal regulations (45 CFR 46),
specifically in Subparts B, C, and D with additional protections:
A. Pregnant women, prisoners, and mentally disabled
B. Children, prisoners, and terminally ill
C. Prisoners, children, and elderly
D. Pregnant women, prisoners, children - ....ANSWER ...-D. Pregnant women,
prisoners, children
The NBAC looks at characteristics individuals might have that would prevent them from
being able to provide voluntary informed consent. The traits may be thought of as falling
into six broad areas: cognitive or communicative, institutional, deferential, medical,
economic, and social. Prospective research subjects who are not able to comprehend
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, information, deliberate, and make decisions about participation in a proposed research
study have a:
A. Institutional vulnerability
B. Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
C. Physical vulnerability
D. Economic or social vulnerability - ....ANSWER ...-B. Cognitive or
communicative vulnerability
The use of prisoners in research is a concern under the Belmont principle of Justice
because:
A. Prisoners are less educated that the general population and have difficulty
understanding research
B. Prisoners may not be used to conduct research that only benefits the larger society
C. Prisoners are not a representative sample of the general population
D. Prisoners are not free to say no - ....ANSWER ...-B. Prisoners may not be used
to conduct research that only benefits the larger society
Which of the following is included in the Nuremberg Code:
A. Additional protection for vulnerable subjects
B. Equitable selection of subjects
C. Confidentiality of data
D. Voluntary consent - ....ANSWER ...-D. Voluntary consent
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
