CITI-SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL
RESEARCH EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical
convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second,
that:
-Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in no more than minimal
risk research.
-Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
-Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit.
-Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from research. -
....ANSWER ...--Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied
to a study employing human subjects?
-Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.
-Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the
population.
-Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected.
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,-Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's consent to
participate. - ....ANSWER ...--Determining that the study has a maximization of
benefits and a minimization of risks.
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
-IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
-Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice
-Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
-Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher Responsibility -
....ANSWER ...--Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice
Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the establishment of the
National Research Act in 1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and federal
regulations for human subject protection?
-The "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
-PHS Tuskegee Study
-Tearoom Trade Study (Humphreys)
-Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo) - ....ANSWER ...--PHS Tuskegee Study
The researcher's failure to protect research subjects from deductive disclosure of identity
(that is, the re-identification of subjects by other researchers) is the primary ethical
violation in which of the following studies?
-"Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
-PHS Tuskegee study
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,-Zimbardo's "Stanford Prison Experiment"
-Milgram's "Obedience to Authority" study - ....ANSWER ...--"Tastes, Ties, and
Time (T3)" study
The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:
-Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
-The study makes a significant contribution to generalizable knowledge.
-Subjects derive individual benefit from study participation.
-Risks are managed so that they are no more than minimal. - ....ANSWER ...--
Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
An example cited in the Belmont Report (The National Commission 1979) stated that
"During the 19th and early 20th centuries the burdens of serving as research subjects fell
largely upon poor ward patients, while the benefits of improved medical care flowed
primarily to private patients." This is an example of a violation of which Belmont
principle?
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ....ANSWER ...--Justice
A study was submitted to the IRB designed to evaluate the effect of background noise on
an individual's ability to concentrate and answer questions. The IRB approved the study
and consent form. The consent form includes all the required information. The use of a
consent form is an example of the Belmont principle of:
-Respect for persons
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -Justice
-Beneficence - ....ANSWER ...--Respect for persons
A researcher submits a study to the IRB that proposes to evaluate a new after-school on-
line tutoring program for middle-school students in a local school district examining the
effect on student grades. She proposes to perform this assessment at the school that her
children attend, because she is familiar with the school district. Students may use either
their personal smartphone or computer to participate in the program. This study might
be determined to be violating which principle of the Belmont Report?
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ....ANSWER ...--Justice
Humphreys' collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the pretense that he was
a lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of:
-Respect for persons
-Beneficence
-Justice - ....ANSWER ...--Respect for persons
A medical record is an example of:
-Private behavior
-Public behavior
-Private information
-Public information - ....ANSWER ...--Private information
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
RESEARCH EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical
convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second,
that:
-Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in no more than minimal
risk research.
-Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
-Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit.
-Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from research. -
....ANSWER ...--Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied
to a study employing human subjects?
-Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.
-Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the
population.
-Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected.
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,-Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's consent to
participate. - ....ANSWER ...--Determining that the study has a maximization of
benefits and a minimization of risks.
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
-IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
-Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice
-Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
-Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher Responsibility -
....ANSWER ...--Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice
Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the establishment of the
National Research Act in 1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and federal
regulations for human subject protection?
-The "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
-PHS Tuskegee Study
-Tearoom Trade Study (Humphreys)
-Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo) - ....ANSWER ...--PHS Tuskegee Study
The researcher's failure to protect research subjects from deductive disclosure of identity
(that is, the re-identification of subjects by other researchers) is the primary ethical
violation in which of the following studies?
-"Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study
-PHS Tuskegee study
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,-Zimbardo's "Stanford Prison Experiment"
-Milgram's "Obedience to Authority" study - ....ANSWER ...--"Tastes, Ties, and
Time (T3)" study
The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:
-Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
-The study makes a significant contribution to generalizable knowledge.
-Subjects derive individual benefit from study participation.
-Risks are managed so that they are no more than minimal. - ....ANSWER ...--
Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
An example cited in the Belmont Report (The National Commission 1979) stated that
"During the 19th and early 20th centuries the burdens of serving as research subjects fell
largely upon poor ward patients, while the benefits of improved medical care flowed
primarily to private patients." This is an example of a violation of which Belmont
principle?
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ....ANSWER ...--Justice
A study was submitted to the IRB designed to evaluate the effect of background noise on
an individual's ability to concentrate and answer questions. The IRB approved the study
and consent form. The consent form includes all the required information. The use of a
consent form is an example of the Belmont principle of:
-Respect for persons
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -Justice
-Beneficence - ....ANSWER ...--Respect for persons
A researcher submits a study to the IRB that proposes to evaluate a new after-school on-
line tutoring program for middle-school students in a local school district examining the
effect on student grades. She proposes to perform this assessment at the school that her
children attend, because she is familiar with the school district. Students may use either
their personal smartphone or computer to participate in the program. This study might
be determined to be violating which principle of the Belmont Report?
-Respect for persons
-Justice
-Beneficence - ....ANSWER ...--Justice
Humphreys' collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the pretense that he was
a lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of:
-Respect for persons
-Beneficence
-Justice - ....ANSWER ...--Respect for persons
A medical record is an example of:
-Private behavior
-Public behavior
-Private information
-Public information - ....ANSWER ...--Private information
...©️ 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
