Saylor Academy - PHIL102 Final Study
Disjunction - CORRECT ANSWER-Separates two statements, so that at least one or
the other is the case
Ex: "Johnny is either at work or at school."
conditional - CORRECT ANSWER-an if-then statement
biconditional - CORRECT ANSWER-a statement that contains the words "if and only if"
well-formed formula - CORRECT ANSWER-correctly structured statement in symbolic
logic notation
scope - CORRECT ANSWER-the range of sentences it covers
main connective - CORRECT ANSWER-the sentence connective that has the greatest
scope
function - CORRECT ANSWER-When dealing with a compound sentence, that is a
sentence involving one or more connectives, the possible truth-values are a function of
the original simple statement, and the meaning of the connective(s).
conjuncts - CORRECT ANSWER-The component in a conjunctive statement on either
side of the main operator
truth definition - CORRECT ANSWER-namely that a conjunction is true when, and only
when, each of the conjuncts is true
truth table - CORRECT ANSWER-A table used as a convenient method for organizing
the truth values of statements
categorical proposition - CORRECT ANSWER-A proposition that relates two classes or
categories
necessary condition - CORRECT ANSWER-a condition without which another event
cannot occur
sufficient condition - CORRECT ANSWER-a condition that will certainly bring about
another event
, antecedent - CORRECT ANSWER-The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a
pronoun.
consequent - CORRECT ANSWER-the outcome of the hypothetical condition
obscure - CORRECT ANSWER-difficult to see, vague
lexical ambiguity - CORRECT ANSWER-A situation in which a word has two or more
meanings. Example: pen-writing instrument pen- a place where pigs live
literal meaning - CORRECT ANSWER-A sentence's grammatical structure and the
conventional meanings assigned to the words used
Conversational implicature - CORRECT ANSWER-information that is understood
through inference but is not actually said in a conversation
implied meaning - CORRECT ANSWER-This is a suggested, but not stated meaning
reportive definition - CORRECT ANSWER-A dictionary-type definition that attempts to
capture how a word is normally used
stipulative definition - CORRECT ANSWER-assigns a new meaning to a term
precising definition - CORRECT ANSWER-seeks to make more precise what was
previously vague or fuzzy
persuasive definition - CORRECT ANSWER-A definition that aims at persuading the
listener one way or another toward the term being defined.
factual dispute - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when people disagree on a matter that
involves facts
verbal dispute - CORRECT ANSWER-when a vague or ambiguous term results in a
linguistic misunderstanding
referentially ambiguous - CORRECT ANSWER-A sentence in which a single word does
not explicitly refer
Ex: Person A and Person B got into the car and they turned on the air conditioning". It's
not clear which person turned on the AC.
syntactically ambiguous - CORRECT ANSWER-sentence's grammatical structure is
unclear, words have multiple but determinate meanings
Ex: "Politicians are frightening people"
Disjunction - CORRECT ANSWER-Separates two statements, so that at least one or
the other is the case
Ex: "Johnny is either at work or at school."
conditional - CORRECT ANSWER-an if-then statement
biconditional - CORRECT ANSWER-a statement that contains the words "if and only if"
well-formed formula - CORRECT ANSWER-correctly structured statement in symbolic
logic notation
scope - CORRECT ANSWER-the range of sentences it covers
main connective - CORRECT ANSWER-the sentence connective that has the greatest
scope
function - CORRECT ANSWER-When dealing with a compound sentence, that is a
sentence involving one or more connectives, the possible truth-values are a function of
the original simple statement, and the meaning of the connective(s).
conjuncts - CORRECT ANSWER-The component in a conjunctive statement on either
side of the main operator
truth definition - CORRECT ANSWER-namely that a conjunction is true when, and only
when, each of the conjuncts is true
truth table - CORRECT ANSWER-A table used as a convenient method for organizing
the truth values of statements
categorical proposition - CORRECT ANSWER-A proposition that relates two classes or
categories
necessary condition - CORRECT ANSWER-a condition without which another event
cannot occur
sufficient condition - CORRECT ANSWER-a condition that will certainly bring about
another event
, antecedent - CORRECT ANSWER-The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a
pronoun.
consequent - CORRECT ANSWER-the outcome of the hypothetical condition
obscure - CORRECT ANSWER-difficult to see, vague
lexical ambiguity - CORRECT ANSWER-A situation in which a word has two or more
meanings. Example: pen-writing instrument pen- a place where pigs live
literal meaning - CORRECT ANSWER-A sentence's grammatical structure and the
conventional meanings assigned to the words used
Conversational implicature - CORRECT ANSWER-information that is understood
through inference but is not actually said in a conversation
implied meaning - CORRECT ANSWER-This is a suggested, but not stated meaning
reportive definition - CORRECT ANSWER-A dictionary-type definition that attempts to
capture how a word is normally used
stipulative definition - CORRECT ANSWER-assigns a new meaning to a term
precising definition - CORRECT ANSWER-seeks to make more precise what was
previously vague or fuzzy
persuasive definition - CORRECT ANSWER-A definition that aims at persuading the
listener one way or another toward the term being defined.
factual dispute - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when people disagree on a matter that
involves facts
verbal dispute - CORRECT ANSWER-when a vague or ambiguous term results in a
linguistic misunderstanding
referentially ambiguous - CORRECT ANSWER-A sentence in which a single word does
not explicitly refer
Ex: Person A and Person B got into the car and they turned on the air conditioning". It's
not clear which person turned on the AC.
syntactically ambiguous - CORRECT ANSWER-sentence's grammatical structure is
unclear, words have multiple but determinate meanings
Ex: "Politicians are frightening people"
