ANTIBIOTIC DISCOVERY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Iodine containing iodophor compounds - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for medical instruments
MOA- iodinates tyrosine residues
Ozone - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for drinking water
MOA- strong oxidizing agent
Phenolic compounds - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for laboratory surfaces
MOA- protein denaturant
Pine oils (PineSol)- phenols and detergents - ANSWER-class- disinfectant
use- general disinfectant for household surfaces
MOA- protein denaturant
Who pioneered vaccination and developed the vaccine for typhoid fever? Nationality? -
ANSWER-Sir Almroth Wright, British pathologist
Who discovered the first synthetic antimicrobial in 1931, which became the first
marketed antimicrobial drug? Nationality? - ANSWER-Gerhard Domagk, German
pathologist
(first synthetic antimicrobial drug= Prontosil) *not first antibiotic*
What was the problem with Prontosil? - ANSWER-problem: turns patients red
Who discovered that sulfanilamide was the active ingredient in Prontosil? What was his
nationality? - ANSWER-Ernest Forneau, french chemist
This is the structure of sulfanilamide. What is it's mode of action? - ANSWER-structure:
H2N-aromatic-SO2NH2
MOA- competitively inhibits enzymatic reactions involving PABA which is a coenzyme in
the synthesis of purine, pyrimidine, and amino acids
Iodine solutions (betadine) - ANSWER-Class- antiseptic
Use- topical antiseptic
MOA- iodinates tyrosine residues on proteins; oxidizing agents
Octenidine - ANSWER-Class- antiseptic
, Use- topical antiseptic
MOA- disrupts cytoplasmic membrane
What are the major classes of the modes of action of disinfectants/sterilants? Examples
of each class - ANSWER-12 classes
-alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol)
-cationic detergents (ammonium, lysol)
-chlorine gas
-chlorine compounds
-ethylene oxide gas
-formaldehyde
-glutaraldehyde
-hydrogen peroxide
-iodine containing iodophor compounds
-ozone
-phenolic compounds
-pine oils (pinesol)
Alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol) - ANSWER-Class-disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for medical instruments and lab surfaces
MOA-lipid solvent and protein denaturant
Cationic detergents (quaternary ammonium compounds, lysol) - ANSWER-Class-
disinfectant/ sanitizer
Use-disinfectant and sanitizer for medical, food, and dairy equipment
MOA-interact with phospholipids
Chlorine gas - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for purification of water supplies
MOA- oxidizing agent
Chlorine compounds (sodium hypochlorite) - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for dairy, food and water supply
MOA- oxidizing agent
Ethylene oxide gas - ANSWER-Class- sterilant
Use- sterilant for temperature sensitive materials such as plastics and lensed
instruments
MOA- alkylating agent
Formaldehyde - ANSWER-Class- sterilant
Use- surface or vapor sterilant
MOA- alkylating agent
Glutaraldehyde - ANSWER-Class- sterilant
Use-fixation in electron microscopy
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Iodine containing iodophor compounds - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for medical instruments
MOA- iodinates tyrosine residues
Ozone - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for drinking water
MOA- strong oxidizing agent
Phenolic compounds - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for laboratory surfaces
MOA- protein denaturant
Pine oils (PineSol)- phenols and detergents - ANSWER-class- disinfectant
use- general disinfectant for household surfaces
MOA- protein denaturant
Who pioneered vaccination and developed the vaccine for typhoid fever? Nationality? -
ANSWER-Sir Almroth Wright, British pathologist
Who discovered the first synthetic antimicrobial in 1931, which became the first
marketed antimicrobial drug? Nationality? - ANSWER-Gerhard Domagk, German
pathologist
(first synthetic antimicrobial drug= Prontosil) *not first antibiotic*
What was the problem with Prontosil? - ANSWER-problem: turns patients red
Who discovered that sulfanilamide was the active ingredient in Prontosil? What was his
nationality? - ANSWER-Ernest Forneau, french chemist
This is the structure of sulfanilamide. What is it's mode of action? - ANSWER-structure:
H2N-aromatic-SO2NH2
MOA- competitively inhibits enzymatic reactions involving PABA which is a coenzyme in
the synthesis of purine, pyrimidine, and amino acids
Iodine solutions (betadine) - ANSWER-Class- antiseptic
Use- topical antiseptic
MOA- iodinates tyrosine residues on proteins; oxidizing agents
Octenidine - ANSWER-Class- antiseptic
, Use- topical antiseptic
MOA- disrupts cytoplasmic membrane
What are the major classes of the modes of action of disinfectants/sterilants? Examples
of each class - ANSWER-12 classes
-alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol)
-cationic detergents (ammonium, lysol)
-chlorine gas
-chlorine compounds
-ethylene oxide gas
-formaldehyde
-glutaraldehyde
-hydrogen peroxide
-iodine containing iodophor compounds
-ozone
-phenolic compounds
-pine oils (pinesol)
Alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol) - ANSWER-Class-disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for medical instruments and lab surfaces
MOA-lipid solvent and protein denaturant
Cationic detergents (quaternary ammonium compounds, lysol) - ANSWER-Class-
disinfectant/ sanitizer
Use-disinfectant and sanitizer for medical, food, and dairy equipment
MOA-interact with phospholipids
Chlorine gas - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for purification of water supplies
MOA- oxidizing agent
Chlorine compounds (sodium hypochlorite) - ANSWER-Class- disinfectant
Use- disinfectant for dairy, food and water supply
MOA- oxidizing agent
Ethylene oxide gas - ANSWER-Class- sterilant
Use- sterilant for temperature sensitive materials such as plastics and lensed
instruments
MOA- alkylating agent
Formaldehyde - ANSWER-Class- sterilant
Use- surface or vapor sterilant
MOA- alkylating agent
Glutaraldehyde - ANSWER-Class- sterilant
Use-fixation in electron microscopy
