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Samenvatting les: microscopie inleiding

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July 5, 2025
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Hoofdstuk 1: microscopie inleiding ......................................................................................................... 2
A) Lichtmicroscopie ............................................................................................................................. 2
Overzicht ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Het klassieke licht- of klaarveldmicroscoop .................................................................................... 2
Typische lichtmicroscopen .............................................................................................................. 2
Virtuele microscopie; OlyVIA........................................................................................................... 2
Kleuring............................................................................................................................................ 3
Speciale lichtmicroscopen voor levende cellen .............................................................................. 3
Principes van lichtmicroscopietechnieken ...................................................................................... 3
Fasecontrastmicroscopie................................................................................................................. 4
alexa ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Gebruik van secties is nodig om subcellulaire details waar te nemen............................................ 4
Fluorescentiemicroscopie ............................................................................................................... 4
Principe van (conventionele) epifluorescentie............................................................................ 5
Fluorochroom, fluorofoor en chromofoor .................................................................................. 5
Nanopartikels ipv fluorochromen ............................................................................................... 5
Gebruik van de fluorescentiemicroscoop ................................................................................... 5
Voorbeeld van driedubbele fluorescentie................................................................................... 6
Voorbeeld van gecombineerde technieken ................................................................................ 6
Principe van het confocaal laser scanning microscoop = CLSM .................................................. 6
Spinning disk confocale microscoop (zie ook hoofdstuk 6) ........................................................ 7
Deconvolutie-fluorescentiemicroscopie (softwarematige bewerking via computer) ................ 7
4D live cell imaging ...................................................................................................................... 8
B) Elektronenmicroscopie (EM) ........................................................................................................... 9
Types van EM................................................................................................................................... 9
Vergelijking tussen de optiek van LM en TEM ................................................................................ 9
Vergelijking tussen de optiek van TEM en SEM ............................................................................ 10
TEM: fixatie- en kleuringstechnieken ............................................................................................ 10
Voorbeeld van de resolutie bij TEM analyse: ultradunne sectie van typische dierlijke cellen ..... 12
Interpretatieproblematiek van TEM beelden................................................................................ 12
SEM ................................................................................................................................................ 13
Speciale EM technieken ................................................................................................................ 13
De vries-breek technologie levert informatie over membraanstructuren ............................... 13
Vries-breek en Vries-ets-technieken ......................................................................................... 14
Principe van Cryo-elektronen-tomografie................................................................................. 14




1

, Hoofdstuk 1: microscopie inleiding

A) Lichtmicroscopie

Overzicht

• Resolutie van 200 nm wordt bepaald door het objectief èn door de golflengte van het
zichtbaar licht
o Ter vgl: diameter van gemiddelde dierlijke cel = 10-20 μm
• Celculturen op bv. dekglaasjes worden behandeld in toto
o Dikker materiaal (weefsels, orgaanculturen) wordt versneden ofwel geanalyseerd
met speciale microscopen
▪ (Secties na fixatie en inbedding in paraffine; cryosecties van bevrozen
materiaal, gevolg door fixatie)
• Effectieve resolutie wordt mede bepaald door natuur van preparaat:
o Gefixeerd en gekleurd (bv. HE) → klaarveldmicroscopie
o Levend met doorgaans te weinig contrast → speciale microscopische technieken

Het klassieke licht- of klaarveldmicroscoop

• 3 lenssystemen
o Condensor lens
o Objectief lens
o Oculair lens




Typische lichtmicroscopen

• Histologie-microscoop
• Discussie-microscoop + digitale camera
o Met meerdere personen naar zelfde beeld kijken
• Discussiemicroscoop
• Geïnverteerd lichtmicroscoop
o Afstand tussen lens en materiaal is normaal gezien klein <-> bij deze LM is
werkafstand groot
o Ideaal voor observatie van levende celculturen

Virtuele microscopie; OlyVIA

• Cel- en weefselpreparaten in hun totaliteit bij hoge resolutie ingescand
• Gedigitaliseerd beeld op computerscherm


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