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Samenvatting les 6: cytoskelet en celmigratie

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July 5, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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Les 6: Cytoskelet en celmigratie
Cytoskelet
• Functie
o Organisatie tov zichzelf en de ruimte
o Vorm en stevigheid
o Mechanische/plastische interacties
• Opbouw cel
o Cytoplasma: geleiachtig substantie, ideaal voor biochemische reacties
o Cytoskelet: ‘draadachtige’ structuren die netwerk vormen van eiwitfilamenten
▪ Microtubules: dikste vezels
▪ Microfilamenten of actinefilamenten: dunste vezels
▪ Intermediaire vezels/filamenten
• Opbouw
o Microtubules
▪ bepalen de posities van organellen
▪ sturen het intracellulaire transport aan
▪ vormen de mitotische spoelfiguur die chromosomen scheidt tijdens de
celdeling
o Microfilamenten of actinefilamenten
▪ Bepalen vorm v/h celoppervlak
▪ Noodzakelijk voor beweging hele cel
▪ Zorgen voor het splitsen van 1 cel in 2
→ behoud van celvorm
o Intermediaire filamenten
▪ Zorgen voor mechanische stevigheid (e.g. keratines in EP, vimentine in BW)
→ behoud van celvorm

 Geassocieerd met de 3 types eiwitfilamenten: motoreiwitten (ATP)




1

, Cytoskelet: microtubules

• Opbouw
o Bouwsteen: tubuline
▪ Heterodimeer van alpha en beta tubuline
o Cillinder: lang, recht en hol
o Relatief stijf
o Dynamisch door (de)polymerisatie
▪ GTP-afhankelijk
▪ Aangroei aan 1 uiteinde
▪ Ander uiteinde: capping
o 1 uiteinde gehecht aan microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) = centrosoom



i: enkele microtubule
ii: cross-sectioneel zicht aan de basis
van 3 cilia toont triplet microtubules
iii: interphase microtubule (groen) met
organellen (rood)
iv: gecilieerde protozoa




Cytoskelet: microfilamenten of actinefilamenten

• Opbouw
o Bouwsteen: actine
▪ Helix-polymeer van actine
o Flexibel
o Voorkomen
▪ Lineaire bundels
▪ 2D netwerken
▪ 3D gels
o Epitheel: van ene tight junction tot andere, versterking doorheen weefsel
o Vnl aan cortex gelokaliseerd (onder plasmamembraan)



i: enkele actine-filament
ii: microvilli
iii: stressvezels (rood) die
eindigen in adhesiefoci (groen)
iv: dwarsgestreepte spieren 2
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