BIOLOGY 1500 WEEK ONE: CHAPTER
1-2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Climate change - ANSWER-a directional change to the global climate that lasts for
three decades or more
Evolution - ANSWER-Change over time; the concept that organisms living on earth
today are the modified descendants of common ancestors
What are the three domains of life? - ANSWER-Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Bacteria - ANSWER-single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
Archea - ANSWER-Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not
contain peptidoglycan
Eukarya - ANSWER-Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including
protists, plants, fungi, and animals
What new the subgroups for the domain eukarya? - ANSWER-kingdom plantae,
kingdom fungi, kingdom Animalia, and the protists
natural selection - ANSWER-A process in which individuals that have certain
inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
because of those traits.
Science - ANSWER-a way of knowing- an approach to understand the natural world
Inquiry - ANSWER-a search for information and explanations of natural phenomena
Data - ANSWER-recorded observations
Inductive reasoning - ANSWER-collecting and analyzing observations can lead to
important conclusions based on a type of logic
Hypothesis - ANSWER-an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or
observations and that can be tested; an explantation on trial
Experiment - ANSWER-scientific test, carried out under controlled conditions
Deductive reasoning - ANSWER-involves logic that flows in the opposite direction,
from the general to the specific: if then logic is an example
Controlled experiment - ANSWER-one that us designed to compare an experimental
group with a control group
, Variables - ANSWER-a feature or quantity that varies in an experiment
Independent variable - ANSWER-the factor being manipulated by researchers
Dependent variable - ANSWER-the factor being measured that is predicted to be
affected by the independent variable
Theory - ANSWER-A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of
data; broader in scope than a hypothesis; supported by a much greater body of
evidence
What are the two main forms of cells? - ANSWER-Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What are two main forms of groups of single-cell microorganisms which are
prokaryotic? - ANSWER-bacteria and a (singular, bacterium) and archaea (singular,
archaean)
Prokaryotic cell - ANSWER-cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed
organelles: smaller
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - ANSWER-special molecule that contains the genetic
material of the organism
Genes - ANSWER-DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary
transmission; unit of inheritance
Strands - ANSWER-long, thin pieces of something; chain like
Nuclotide - ANSWER-Four bases of DNA. Made up of a phosphate group, a 5-
carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. ( ATCG): these are the chemical building
blocks
gene expression - ANSWER-process by which the information in a gene directs the
manufacture of a cellular product
amino acids - ANSWER-building blocks of proteins
Genome - ANSWER-the entire "library" of genetic instructions that an organism
inherits
Genomics - ANSWER-study of whole genomes, including genes( or other DNA) and
their functions
Proteomics - ANSWER-the study of sets of proteins and their properties
Proteome - ANSWER-the entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or
organism
1-2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Climate change - ANSWER-a directional change to the global climate that lasts for
three decades or more
Evolution - ANSWER-Change over time; the concept that organisms living on earth
today are the modified descendants of common ancestors
What are the three domains of life? - ANSWER-Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Bacteria - ANSWER-single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
Archea - ANSWER-Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not
contain peptidoglycan
Eukarya - ANSWER-Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including
protists, plants, fungi, and animals
What new the subgroups for the domain eukarya? - ANSWER-kingdom plantae,
kingdom fungi, kingdom Animalia, and the protists
natural selection - ANSWER-A process in which individuals that have certain
inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
because of those traits.
Science - ANSWER-a way of knowing- an approach to understand the natural world
Inquiry - ANSWER-a search for information and explanations of natural phenomena
Data - ANSWER-recorded observations
Inductive reasoning - ANSWER-collecting and analyzing observations can lead to
important conclusions based on a type of logic
Hypothesis - ANSWER-an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or
observations and that can be tested; an explantation on trial
Experiment - ANSWER-scientific test, carried out under controlled conditions
Deductive reasoning - ANSWER-involves logic that flows in the opposite direction,
from the general to the specific: if then logic is an example
Controlled experiment - ANSWER-one that us designed to compare an experimental
group with a control group
, Variables - ANSWER-a feature or quantity that varies in an experiment
Independent variable - ANSWER-the factor being manipulated by researchers
Dependent variable - ANSWER-the factor being measured that is predicted to be
affected by the independent variable
Theory - ANSWER-A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of
data; broader in scope than a hypothesis; supported by a much greater body of
evidence
What are the two main forms of cells? - ANSWER-Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What are two main forms of groups of single-cell microorganisms which are
prokaryotic? - ANSWER-bacteria and a (singular, bacterium) and archaea (singular,
archaean)
Prokaryotic cell - ANSWER-cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed
organelles: smaller
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - ANSWER-special molecule that contains the genetic
material of the organism
Genes - ANSWER-DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary
transmission; unit of inheritance
Strands - ANSWER-long, thin pieces of something; chain like
Nuclotide - ANSWER-Four bases of DNA. Made up of a phosphate group, a 5-
carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. ( ATCG): these are the chemical building
blocks
gene expression - ANSWER-process by which the information in a gene directs the
manufacture of a cellular product
amino acids - ANSWER-building blocks of proteins
Genome - ANSWER-the entire "library" of genetic instructions that an organism
inherits
Genomics - ANSWER-study of whole genomes, including genes( or other DNA) and
their functions
Proteomics - ANSWER-the study of sets of proteins and their properties
Proteome - ANSWER-the entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or
organism
