BIO 1500 TEST #4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
List the steps in mammalian respiration - ANSWER-1. Inhale air from the
atmosphere
2. Diffusion of air to red blood cells in lungs
3. Oxygen is bound to blood pigments inside RBC
4. RBC is transported throughout body and oxygen is released
5. Oxygen is used in CR and CO2 is diffused into the blood
6. CO2 is dissolved into the blood
7. Blood transports CO2 and RBC without oxygen to lungs
8. Air is exhaled and CO2 is diffused into the air
gas exchange - ANSWER-movement of O2 from air into blood and of CO2 from
blood into air
tidal volume - ANSWER-amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs per breath
when breathing normally
vital capacity - ANSWER-amount of air moving in and out of lungs when exercising
vigorously
alveoli - ANSWER-parts of the lung across which gases are exchanged (air sacks)
ventilation - ANSWER-movement of air between the outside world and the gas
exchange surface
Describe how the structure of our respiratory system facilitates gas exchange. -
ANSWER-It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood
vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli. The walls of
the alveoli actually share a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and
carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream.
Compare the atmosphere we breathe (at sea level) and the atmosphere in our lungs,
and explain the reason for the difference - ANSWER-The partial pressure of oxygen
in the atmosphere is much greater in comparison to the lungs, creating a pressure
gradient; this allows oxygen to flow from the atmosphere into the lungs during
inhalation.
The air we breathe is our "real" atmosphere
Describe the differences in atmospheric gases between sea level and the Himalayas
- ANSWER-The partial pressure of O2 (PO2) is lower on Mt. Everest than it is at sea
level. This is because O2 makes up the same percentage of the air molecules at
high altitudes, but the total number of air molecules there is lower than at sea level.
Differentiate between the concentration (or percentage) of a gas in the atmosphere
and its partial pressure - ANSWER-in the atmosphere, the partial pressure of oxygen
ANSWERS
List the steps in mammalian respiration - ANSWER-1. Inhale air from the
atmosphere
2. Diffusion of air to red blood cells in lungs
3. Oxygen is bound to blood pigments inside RBC
4. RBC is transported throughout body and oxygen is released
5. Oxygen is used in CR and CO2 is diffused into the blood
6. CO2 is dissolved into the blood
7. Blood transports CO2 and RBC without oxygen to lungs
8. Air is exhaled and CO2 is diffused into the air
gas exchange - ANSWER-movement of O2 from air into blood and of CO2 from
blood into air
tidal volume - ANSWER-amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs per breath
when breathing normally
vital capacity - ANSWER-amount of air moving in and out of lungs when exercising
vigorously
alveoli - ANSWER-parts of the lung across which gases are exchanged (air sacks)
ventilation - ANSWER-movement of air between the outside world and the gas
exchange surface
Describe how the structure of our respiratory system facilitates gas exchange. -
ANSWER-It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood
vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli. The walls of
the alveoli actually share a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and
carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream.
Compare the atmosphere we breathe (at sea level) and the atmosphere in our lungs,
and explain the reason for the difference - ANSWER-The partial pressure of oxygen
in the atmosphere is much greater in comparison to the lungs, creating a pressure
gradient; this allows oxygen to flow from the atmosphere into the lungs during
inhalation.
The air we breathe is our "real" atmosphere
Describe the differences in atmospheric gases between sea level and the Himalayas
- ANSWER-The partial pressure of O2 (PO2) is lower on Mt. Everest than it is at sea
level. This is because O2 makes up the same percentage of the air molecules at
high altitudes, but the total number of air molecules there is lower than at sea level.
Differentiate between the concentration (or percentage) of a gas in the atmosphere
and its partial pressure - ANSWER-in the atmosphere, the partial pressure of oxygen
