BIO 1500- TEST #3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER-A cell structure that forms a maze of
passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the
cell to another.
lysosome - ANSWER-cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down
certain materials in the cell
endomembrane system - ANSWER-- A network of membranes inside and around a
eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of
membranous vesicles.
- regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell
vesicle - ANSWER-Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products
into, out of, and within a cell.
vacuole - ANSWER-Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates
function of cellular respiration - ANSWER-breakdown of glucose to produce ATP
inputs of CR - ANSWER-glucose and oxygen
outputs of CR - ANSWER-carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
steps of cellular respiration - ANSWER-glycolysis, krebs cycle (citric acid cycle),
electron transport chain
glycolysis - ANSWER-the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy (2
ATP and NADH) and pyruvic acid.
citric acid cycle - ANSWER-- pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a
series of energy-extracting reactions
- generates more NADH & FADH2
electron transport chain (CR) - ANSWER-- electrons supplied from NADH & FADH2
- series of redox reactions occur: one molecule loses an electron (oxidation), another
molecule gains an electron (reduction)
- as an electron passes it moves to a lower energy state
- that energy is used to pump H+ across the membrane, creating a proton gradient
that stores energy
- oxygen is the final acceptor of the electrons, produces H2O as a byproduct
prokaryote - ANSWER-A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles
, eukaryote - ANSWER-A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
animal cell - ANSWER-does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole
plant cell - ANSWER-contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole
cell wall - ANSWER-- A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and
provides support to the cell
- only in plant cells
plasma membrane - ANSWER-a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that
forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and
that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm.
mitochondria - ANSWER-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production
chloroplast - ANSWER-An organelle found in plant and algae cells where
photosynthesis occurs
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER-stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome - ANSWER-Makes proteins
nucleus - ANSWER-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
flagellum - ANSWER-A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move
cytoskeleton - ANSWER-A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the
cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
role of oxygen in cellular respiration - ANSWER-Final electron acceptor in the
electron transport chain, results in production of H2O
role of proton gradient in CR - ANSWER-provides the energy to move the proton
through ATP synthase
role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration - ANSWER-creates ATP
flow of energy through CR - ANSWER-1. chemical bonds in glucose (small amount
of ATP produced from glycolysis)
2. NADH/FADH2
3. H+ concentration gradient
4. ATP
difference between fermentation and CR - ANSWER-- fermentation does not require
oxygen, CR does
ANSWERS
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER-A cell structure that forms a maze of
passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the
cell to another.
lysosome - ANSWER-cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down
certain materials in the cell
endomembrane system - ANSWER-- A network of membranes inside and around a
eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of
membranous vesicles.
- regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell
vesicle - ANSWER-Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products
into, out of, and within a cell.
vacuole - ANSWER-Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates
function of cellular respiration - ANSWER-breakdown of glucose to produce ATP
inputs of CR - ANSWER-glucose and oxygen
outputs of CR - ANSWER-carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
steps of cellular respiration - ANSWER-glycolysis, krebs cycle (citric acid cycle),
electron transport chain
glycolysis - ANSWER-the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy (2
ATP and NADH) and pyruvic acid.
citric acid cycle - ANSWER-- pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a
series of energy-extracting reactions
- generates more NADH & FADH2
electron transport chain (CR) - ANSWER-- electrons supplied from NADH & FADH2
- series of redox reactions occur: one molecule loses an electron (oxidation), another
molecule gains an electron (reduction)
- as an electron passes it moves to a lower energy state
- that energy is used to pump H+ across the membrane, creating a proton gradient
that stores energy
- oxygen is the final acceptor of the electrons, produces H2O as a byproduct
prokaryote - ANSWER-A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles
, eukaryote - ANSWER-A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
animal cell - ANSWER-does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole
plant cell - ANSWER-contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole
cell wall - ANSWER-- A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and
provides support to the cell
- only in plant cells
plasma membrane - ANSWER-a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that
forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and
that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm.
mitochondria - ANSWER-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production
chloroplast - ANSWER-An organelle found in plant and algae cells where
photosynthesis occurs
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER-stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome - ANSWER-Makes proteins
nucleus - ANSWER-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
flagellum - ANSWER-A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move
cytoskeleton - ANSWER-A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the
cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
role of oxygen in cellular respiration - ANSWER-Final electron acceptor in the
electron transport chain, results in production of H2O
role of proton gradient in CR - ANSWER-provides the energy to move the proton
through ATP synthase
role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration - ANSWER-creates ATP
flow of energy through CR - ANSWER-1. chemical bonds in glucose (small amount
of ATP produced from glycolysis)
2. NADH/FADH2
3. H+ concentration gradient
4. ATP
difference between fermentation and CR - ANSWER-- fermentation does not require
oxygen, CR does
