BIO 1500 FINAL EXAM (SCHULZ)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Lipids that form membranes have what type of structure? - ANSWER-polar heads
and non polar tails, the polar heads interact with water
Which aspect of phoshpholipids is most important to bilayers? - ANSWER-they are
amphipathic
Which type of molecule would be least likely to be found in a cell membrane
A) Carb
B) Nucleic Acid
C) Protein
D) Phospholipid - ANSWER-B
According to central dogma, what molecule should go in the blank?
DNA ______ Proteins - ANSWER-mRna
What kind of molecule encodes a gene? - ANSWER-DNA
What does the simple primary and secondary structure of DNA hold the information
needed to code for the many features of multicellular organisms? - ANSWER-The
base sequence of DNA carries the information needed to code for proteins
What does it mean when we say the genetic code is unambiguous? - ANSWER-A
single codon can only specify the addition of a single kind of amino acid
Codons are part of the molecular structure of - ANSWER-mRNA
In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until - ANSWER-transcription factors
have bound to the promoter
The mature mRNA that is used in translation is smaller than the length of the DNA
that codes for it because - ANSWER-Post-transcriptional processing removes the
introns of the mRNA
What ensures that the correct amino acid is added during translation? - ANSWER-
the anticodon of a properly formed tRNA
Which of the following statements is accurate with regards to the processes of
transcription and translation? - ANSWER-Translation begins at a start codon and
ends at a stop codon
Translation directly involves - ANSWER-mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and energy
Which of the following describes DNA's secondary structure - ANSWER-Double
antiparallel helical strands
, Helicase is an enzyme that is able to break the hydrogen bonds in DNA molecules.
What would happen to DNA molecules treated with helicase? - ANSWER-The two
strands of the double helix would separate
One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to - ANSWER-Function in the
synthesis of proteins
A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in nucleic acids -
ANSWER-Phosphodiester bond
Monosaccaride vs polysaccharide - ANSWER-Glucose vs cellulose
What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen - ANSWER-the
amount of branching that occurs in the molecule
Which of the following structural features is common to cellulose, chitin, and
peptidoglycan? - ANSWER-They can all form bonds between polymer chains that
create parallel strands
Cellulose forms sheets that stiffen the cell walls of plants. How is the formation of
sheets possible? - ANSWER-Individual strands interact and are joined by hydrogen
bonds, which forms a more stable network of molecules.
What is the most important contribution of the plasma membrane to cellular
biochemical processes? - ANSWER-Selective permeability of the bilayer and its
transmembrane proteins enable cells to create an internal environment that is
specifically maintained separate from the external environment for optimal
biochemical conditions
For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be - ANSWER-
amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region
A membrane protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is -
ANSWER-A transmembrane protein
Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the
small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-
rich food outside the cell into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information,
which transport mechanism is most probable to be functioning in the intestinal cells?
- ANSWER-Facilitated diffusion
The force driving simple diffusion is _____ while energy source for active transport is
_____ - ANSWER-the concentration gradient, ATP
In what ways do the membranes of eukaryotic cell vary? - ANSWER-Certain proteins
are unique to each membrane
What membrane activity requires energy from ATP? - ANSWER-movement of Na+
ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the
extracellular fluid
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Lipids that form membranes have what type of structure? - ANSWER-polar heads
and non polar tails, the polar heads interact with water
Which aspect of phoshpholipids is most important to bilayers? - ANSWER-they are
amphipathic
Which type of molecule would be least likely to be found in a cell membrane
A) Carb
B) Nucleic Acid
C) Protein
D) Phospholipid - ANSWER-B
According to central dogma, what molecule should go in the blank?
DNA ______ Proteins - ANSWER-mRna
What kind of molecule encodes a gene? - ANSWER-DNA
What does the simple primary and secondary structure of DNA hold the information
needed to code for the many features of multicellular organisms? - ANSWER-The
base sequence of DNA carries the information needed to code for proteins
What does it mean when we say the genetic code is unambiguous? - ANSWER-A
single codon can only specify the addition of a single kind of amino acid
Codons are part of the molecular structure of - ANSWER-mRNA
In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until - ANSWER-transcription factors
have bound to the promoter
The mature mRNA that is used in translation is smaller than the length of the DNA
that codes for it because - ANSWER-Post-transcriptional processing removes the
introns of the mRNA
What ensures that the correct amino acid is added during translation? - ANSWER-
the anticodon of a properly formed tRNA
Which of the following statements is accurate with regards to the processes of
transcription and translation? - ANSWER-Translation begins at a start codon and
ends at a stop codon
Translation directly involves - ANSWER-mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and energy
Which of the following describes DNA's secondary structure - ANSWER-Double
antiparallel helical strands
, Helicase is an enzyme that is able to break the hydrogen bonds in DNA molecules.
What would happen to DNA molecules treated with helicase? - ANSWER-The two
strands of the double helix would separate
One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to - ANSWER-Function in the
synthesis of proteins
A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in nucleic acids -
ANSWER-Phosphodiester bond
Monosaccaride vs polysaccharide - ANSWER-Glucose vs cellulose
What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen - ANSWER-the
amount of branching that occurs in the molecule
Which of the following structural features is common to cellulose, chitin, and
peptidoglycan? - ANSWER-They can all form bonds between polymer chains that
create parallel strands
Cellulose forms sheets that stiffen the cell walls of plants. How is the formation of
sheets possible? - ANSWER-Individual strands interact and are joined by hydrogen
bonds, which forms a more stable network of molecules.
What is the most important contribution of the plasma membrane to cellular
biochemical processes? - ANSWER-Selective permeability of the bilayer and its
transmembrane proteins enable cells to create an internal environment that is
specifically maintained separate from the external environment for optimal
biochemical conditions
For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be - ANSWER-
amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region
A membrane protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is -
ANSWER-A transmembrane protein
Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the
small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-
rich food outside the cell into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information,
which transport mechanism is most probable to be functioning in the intestinal cells?
- ANSWER-Facilitated diffusion
The force driving simple diffusion is _____ while energy source for active transport is
_____ - ANSWER-the concentration gradient, ATP
In what ways do the membranes of eukaryotic cell vary? - ANSWER-Certain proteins
are unique to each membrane
What membrane activity requires energy from ATP? - ANSWER-movement of Na+
ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the
extracellular fluid
