NSG 430 TOPIC 11
1. What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?: a serious bleedingand thrombotic
disorder that results from abnormally initiated and accelerated clotting
2. What diseases and disorders predispose patients to DIC?: - cancers
- transfusion mismatch of blood
- shock
- septicemia
- burns and trauma
- severe head injury
- snake bite
- transplant rejections
3. What occurs in DIC?: there is consumption and depletion of platelets and coagulation
factors. there is widespread fibrin and platelet deposition in capillariesand arterioles causing
thrombosis. When the clotting factors are used up, massivebleeding occurs
4. Clinical manifestations of DIC?: - oozing blood
- pallor, petechia
- hemopytsis
- tachycardia and hypotension
- upper or lower GI bleeding
- hematuria
- vision changes
- mental status changes
- cyanosis
- ischemic tissue necrosis
- dyspnea/tachypnea
- pulmonary emboli
- ECG changes
- paralytic ileus
- kidney damage
- delirium and even coma
5. Diagnostic study for DIC?: - d-dimer indicates fibrinolysis
, - fibrinogen and platelets low
- fragmented RBCs on blood smear
- prolonged PTT
- elevated FSPs
6. Interventions for DIC?: - discover and treat underlying cause
- stabilize the patient (oxygenation, volume replacement)
- if bleeding is present, administer blood products
- cryoprecipitate for low fibrinogen level
- FFP for significant bleeding and prolonged PT and PTT
- heparin for clot formation (if benefit outweighs the risk)
7. Nursing management for DIC?: - be on alert for any signs of bleeding andclotting
- assess for signs of external bleeding
- assess for signs of internal bleeding (increased abdominal girth, pain)
- monitor for signs of micro emboli causing organ damage (ex. decreased urineoutput)
- give blood products and meds promptly
8. What are common causes of a sickle cell crisis?: - low O2
- infection
- high altitude
- emotional or physical stress
- dehydration
- surgery
- blood loss
- extremes of cold or heat
9. What is sickle cell crisis?: severe, painful, acute exacerbation of RBC sickling,causing a
vasoocclusive crisis
10. Nursing management for sickle cell crisis?: - O2 therapy
- IV fluids
- pain medication
- assess for respiratory status changes
1. What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?: a serious bleedingand thrombotic
disorder that results from abnormally initiated and accelerated clotting
2. What diseases and disorders predispose patients to DIC?: - cancers
- transfusion mismatch of blood
- shock
- septicemia
- burns and trauma
- severe head injury
- snake bite
- transplant rejections
3. What occurs in DIC?: there is consumption and depletion of platelets and coagulation
factors. there is widespread fibrin and platelet deposition in capillariesand arterioles causing
thrombosis. When the clotting factors are used up, massivebleeding occurs
4. Clinical manifestations of DIC?: - oozing blood
- pallor, petechia
- hemopytsis
- tachycardia and hypotension
- upper or lower GI bleeding
- hematuria
- vision changes
- mental status changes
- cyanosis
- ischemic tissue necrosis
- dyspnea/tachypnea
- pulmonary emboli
- ECG changes
- paralytic ileus
- kidney damage
- delirium and even coma
5. Diagnostic study for DIC?: - d-dimer indicates fibrinolysis
, - fibrinogen and platelets low
- fragmented RBCs on blood smear
- prolonged PTT
- elevated FSPs
6. Interventions for DIC?: - discover and treat underlying cause
- stabilize the patient (oxygenation, volume replacement)
- if bleeding is present, administer blood products
- cryoprecipitate for low fibrinogen level
- FFP for significant bleeding and prolonged PT and PTT
- heparin for clot formation (if benefit outweighs the risk)
7. Nursing management for DIC?: - be on alert for any signs of bleeding andclotting
- assess for signs of external bleeding
- assess for signs of internal bleeding (increased abdominal girth, pain)
- monitor for signs of micro emboli causing organ damage (ex. decreased urineoutput)
- give blood products and meds promptly
8. What are common causes of a sickle cell crisis?: - low O2
- infection
- high altitude
- emotional or physical stress
- dehydration
- surgery
- blood loss
- extremes of cold or heat
9. What is sickle cell crisis?: severe, painful, acute exacerbation of RBC sickling,causing a
vasoocclusive crisis
10. Nursing management for sickle cell crisis?: - O2 therapy
- IV fluids
- pain medication
- assess for respiratory status changes
