INHOUD
inhoud ................................................................................................................................................................. 1
organisatie gezondheidszorg belgie ...................................................................................................................... 5
Team ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Anatomie & fysiologie Oog + gezichtsbanen........................................................................................................... 6
De lagen van de oogbol ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Fibreuze laag ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Tunica vasculosa = uvea ..........................................................................................................................................11
De lens ...................................................................................................................................................................13
Fysiologie van het visuele systeem ..................................................................................................................... 14
Retina .....................................................................................................................................................................14
Klinische toepassingen............................................................................................................................................20
Anamnese & onderzoek bij oogklachten .............................................................................................................. 26
Klacht en context ....................................................................................................................................................26
Onderzoek door basisarts ........................................................................................................................................26
Onderzoek door de oogarts......................................................................................................................................29
Bijkomende technische onderzoeken.......................................................................................................................31
Ooglidpathologie ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Anatomie ................................................................................................................................................................33
Infecties .................................................................................................................................................................34
Standafwijkingen.....................................................................................................................................................36
Tumoren ooglid .......................................................................................................................................................39
De orbita.................................................................................................................................................................41
Traanapparaat ........................................................................................................................................................46
Cataract ............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Veroudering van de lens ..........................................................................................................................................49
Types......................................................................................................................................................................50
Indicatie voor operatie? ...........................................................................................................................................52
Ingreep ...................................................................................................................................................................52
Secundair cataract of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) ....................................................................................53
Retina ................................................................................................................................................................ 55
Anatomie / Histologie / Fysiologie ............................................................................................................................55
1
, Onderzoek van de retina ..........................................................................................................................................58
Retinale pathologie .................................................................................................................................................60
Vitreum ............................................................................................................................................................. 68
Anatomie / Histologie / Fysiologie ............................................................................................................................68
Pathologie verbonden aan het vitreum .....................................................................................................................68
Glaucoom .......................................................................................................................................................... 71
Wat is glaucoom? ...................................................................................................................................................71
Open-hoek glaucoom ..............................................................................................................................................72
Gesloten-hoek of nauwe-hoek glaucoom .................................................................................................................76
Oculaire hypertensie ...............................................................................................................................................78
Behandeling ...........................................................................................................................................................78
Tips ........................................................................................................................................................................81
Aandoening van cornea en conjunctiva ............................................................................................................... 83
Trauma ...................................................................................................................................................................83
Infectie !!!! ..............................................................................................................................................................86
Allergie ...................................................................................................................................................................88
Droogte ..................................................................................................................................................................89
Degeneratie ............................................................................................................................................................91
Tumoren .................................................................................................................................................................92
Genetisch bepaalde aandoeningen ..........................................................................................................................92
Uveïtis of ontsteking van het vaatvlies ................................................................................................................ 93
Anterior uveitis of iridocyclitis ..................................................................................................................................93
Bacteriele endoftalmitis ..........................................................................................................................................94
Het rode oog ...........................................................................................................................................................95
Onderzoek visuele banen ................................................................................................................................... 98
Retino-corticale verbindingen ..................................................................................................................................98
Primaire visuele cortex .......................................................................................................................................... 100
Klinische toepassingen.......................................................................................................................................... 101
Occipitofugale banen ............................................................................................................................................ 103
Neuro-oftalmologie ...........................................................................................................................................106
Visuele banen functies en pathologie ..................................................................................................................... 106
Papilatrofie ........................................................................................................................................................... 111
Uitval n. facialis (n.VII) ........................................................................................................................................... 113
Nervus trigeminus ................................................................................................................................................. 114
Oogbewegingen .................................................................................................................................................... 115
Spierziekten (neuromusculaire aandoeningen en syndromen) ................................................................................. 117
2
, Sinus cavernosus .................................................................................................................................................. 118
Chiasma ............................................................................................................................................................... 119
Vasculaire Neuro-ophthalmologie ......................................................................................................................... 120
Lasers en beeldvorming in oogheelkunde...........................................................................................................122
Principes van Einstein ........................................................................................................................................... 122
Lasers .................................................................................................................................................................. 123
Toepassingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 125
Rijgeschiktheid .................................................................................................................................................129
Normen rijden ....................................................................................................................................................... 129
Visuele functies .................................................................................................................................................... 130
Overzicht KB ......................................................................................................................................................... 134
Visuele revalidatie ............................................................................................................................................135
Begeleiding van mensen met een visuele beperking: een versnipperd landschap ..................................................... 135
Revalidatie............................................................................................................................................................ 135
Cases ................................................................................................................................................................... 137
Besluit .................................................................................................................................................................. 137
Refractie-afwijkingen & correctie-middelen .......................................................................................................138
Breking cornea ...................................................................................................................................................... 138
Afwijkingen ........................................................................................................................................................... 139
Behandeling ......................................................................................................................................................... 140
Oculaire pharmacotherapie...............................................................................................................................143
Toedieningswijzes van medicatie voor oogziektes ................................................................................................... 143
Oculaire farmacotherapie...................................................................................................................................... 144
Oculaire neveneffecten systemische medicatie ...................................................................................................... 151
Oogontwikkeling & -pathologie bij kinD: amblyopie ............................................................................................152
Inadequate input ................................................................................................................................................... 153
visuele systeem .................................................................................................................................................... 155
STRABISMUS ........................................................................................................................................................ 158
Amblyopie behandeling ......................................................................................................................................... 162
Visuele optica en visuskwaliteit .........................................................................................................................164
Refractie en aberraties .......................................................................................................................................... 164
Verblinding ........................................................................................................................................................... 166
Verkeersveiligheid ................................................................................................................................................. 167
Radiologie orbita & visuele banen ......................................................................................................................168
Introductie ............................................................................................................................................................ 168
3
, Bot ....................................................................................................................................................................... 170
Extraconale ruimte ................................................................................................................................................ 170
Conale ruimte ....................................................................................................................................................... 171
Intraconale ruimte................................................................................................................................................. 172
Oogbol ................................................................................................................................................................. 172
Key points ............................................................................................................................................................. 173
Examen
- Multiple choice examen: 5 juni 2025, geen giscorrectie, geen verhoogde cesuur
- Tweede zit: mondeling aan de hand van casussen
4
inhoud ................................................................................................................................................................. 1
organisatie gezondheidszorg belgie ...................................................................................................................... 5
Team ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Anatomie & fysiologie Oog + gezichtsbanen........................................................................................................... 6
De lagen van de oogbol ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Fibreuze laag ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Tunica vasculosa = uvea ..........................................................................................................................................11
De lens ...................................................................................................................................................................13
Fysiologie van het visuele systeem ..................................................................................................................... 14
Retina .....................................................................................................................................................................14
Klinische toepassingen............................................................................................................................................20
Anamnese & onderzoek bij oogklachten .............................................................................................................. 26
Klacht en context ....................................................................................................................................................26
Onderzoek door basisarts ........................................................................................................................................26
Onderzoek door de oogarts......................................................................................................................................29
Bijkomende technische onderzoeken.......................................................................................................................31
Ooglidpathologie ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Anatomie ................................................................................................................................................................33
Infecties .................................................................................................................................................................34
Standafwijkingen.....................................................................................................................................................36
Tumoren ooglid .......................................................................................................................................................39
De orbita.................................................................................................................................................................41
Traanapparaat ........................................................................................................................................................46
Cataract ............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Veroudering van de lens ..........................................................................................................................................49
Types......................................................................................................................................................................50
Indicatie voor operatie? ...........................................................................................................................................52
Ingreep ...................................................................................................................................................................52
Secundair cataract of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) ....................................................................................53
Retina ................................................................................................................................................................ 55
Anatomie / Histologie / Fysiologie ............................................................................................................................55
1
, Onderzoek van de retina ..........................................................................................................................................58
Retinale pathologie .................................................................................................................................................60
Vitreum ............................................................................................................................................................. 68
Anatomie / Histologie / Fysiologie ............................................................................................................................68
Pathologie verbonden aan het vitreum .....................................................................................................................68
Glaucoom .......................................................................................................................................................... 71
Wat is glaucoom? ...................................................................................................................................................71
Open-hoek glaucoom ..............................................................................................................................................72
Gesloten-hoek of nauwe-hoek glaucoom .................................................................................................................76
Oculaire hypertensie ...............................................................................................................................................78
Behandeling ...........................................................................................................................................................78
Tips ........................................................................................................................................................................81
Aandoening van cornea en conjunctiva ............................................................................................................... 83
Trauma ...................................................................................................................................................................83
Infectie !!!! ..............................................................................................................................................................86
Allergie ...................................................................................................................................................................88
Droogte ..................................................................................................................................................................89
Degeneratie ............................................................................................................................................................91
Tumoren .................................................................................................................................................................92
Genetisch bepaalde aandoeningen ..........................................................................................................................92
Uveïtis of ontsteking van het vaatvlies ................................................................................................................ 93
Anterior uveitis of iridocyclitis ..................................................................................................................................93
Bacteriele endoftalmitis ..........................................................................................................................................94
Het rode oog ...........................................................................................................................................................95
Onderzoek visuele banen ................................................................................................................................... 98
Retino-corticale verbindingen ..................................................................................................................................98
Primaire visuele cortex .......................................................................................................................................... 100
Klinische toepassingen.......................................................................................................................................... 101
Occipitofugale banen ............................................................................................................................................ 103
Neuro-oftalmologie ...........................................................................................................................................106
Visuele banen functies en pathologie ..................................................................................................................... 106
Papilatrofie ........................................................................................................................................................... 111
Uitval n. facialis (n.VII) ........................................................................................................................................... 113
Nervus trigeminus ................................................................................................................................................. 114
Oogbewegingen .................................................................................................................................................... 115
Spierziekten (neuromusculaire aandoeningen en syndromen) ................................................................................. 117
2
, Sinus cavernosus .................................................................................................................................................. 118
Chiasma ............................................................................................................................................................... 119
Vasculaire Neuro-ophthalmologie ......................................................................................................................... 120
Lasers en beeldvorming in oogheelkunde...........................................................................................................122
Principes van Einstein ........................................................................................................................................... 122
Lasers .................................................................................................................................................................. 123
Toepassingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 125
Rijgeschiktheid .................................................................................................................................................129
Normen rijden ....................................................................................................................................................... 129
Visuele functies .................................................................................................................................................... 130
Overzicht KB ......................................................................................................................................................... 134
Visuele revalidatie ............................................................................................................................................135
Begeleiding van mensen met een visuele beperking: een versnipperd landschap ..................................................... 135
Revalidatie............................................................................................................................................................ 135
Cases ................................................................................................................................................................... 137
Besluit .................................................................................................................................................................. 137
Refractie-afwijkingen & correctie-middelen .......................................................................................................138
Breking cornea ...................................................................................................................................................... 138
Afwijkingen ........................................................................................................................................................... 139
Behandeling ......................................................................................................................................................... 140
Oculaire pharmacotherapie...............................................................................................................................143
Toedieningswijzes van medicatie voor oogziektes ................................................................................................... 143
Oculaire farmacotherapie...................................................................................................................................... 144
Oculaire neveneffecten systemische medicatie ...................................................................................................... 151
Oogontwikkeling & -pathologie bij kinD: amblyopie ............................................................................................152
Inadequate input ................................................................................................................................................... 153
visuele systeem .................................................................................................................................................... 155
STRABISMUS ........................................................................................................................................................ 158
Amblyopie behandeling ......................................................................................................................................... 162
Visuele optica en visuskwaliteit .........................................................................................................................164
Refractie en aberraties .......................................................................................................................................... 164
Verblinding ........................................................................................................................................................... 166
Verkeersveiligheid ................................................................................................................................................. 167
Radiologie orbita & visuele banen ......................................................................................................................168
Introductie ............................................................................................................................................................ 168
3
, Bot ....................................................................................................................................................................... 170
Extraconale ruimte ................................................................................................................................................ 170
Conale ruimte ....................................................................................................................................................... 171
Intraconale ruimte................................................................................................................................................. 172
Oogbol ................................................................................................................................................................. 172
Key points ............................................................................................................................................................. 173
Examen
- Multiple choice examen: 5 juni 2025, geen giscorrectie, geen verhoogde cesuur
- Tweede zit: mondeling aan de hand van casussen
4
