CPN EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION. ACTUAL 2025 PNCB EXAM (175 OUT OF 175)

CPN EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION. ACTUAL 2025 PNCB EXAM (175 OUT OF 175) Cephalocaudally - CORRECT ANSFrom head to toe- ex: head control, then sitting, then walking Proximodistally - CORRECT ANSfrom the trunk to the tips of the extremities- ex: moving arms and legs before picking things up with fingers Bone age - CORRECT ANSDetermined by X-ray of hand/wrist When do you measure height laying down? - CORRECT ANS0-36 mo When do you measure height standing up? - CORRECT ANS2-18 years (2-3 yr olds can be measured either way) Weight at 6 mo is birth weight (minimally) - CORRECT ANSdouble Weight at 1 yr is birth weight (minimally) - CORRECT ANStriple Weight 1 year is influenced by what? - CORRECT ANSgenetic influence, environmental influence, illness/health influence When do you use BMI for screening? - CORRECT ANSage 2 through adulthood BMI 30 - CORRECT ANS95% obese BMI 25-29.9 - CORRECT ANS85%-95% overweight BMI 18.6-24.9 - CORRECT ANS5%-85% healthy weight BMI 18.5 - CORRECT ANS5% underweight Average birth length - CORRECT ANS20 inches How much does an infant grow in the first year? - CORRECT ANS10 inches How much does a child grow in the 2nd year? - CORRECT ANS5 inches How much does a child grow each year from the 3rd year until puberty? - CORRECT ANS2.5 inches When does birth length roughly double? - CORRECT ANS4 years Red flags for weight and height - CORRECT ANSBMI 85% and height 5% Developmental milestones (2mo) - CORRECT ANSinstinctual smile (not social) lift head, follows to midline, posterior fontanel closes Developmental milestones (3mo) - CORRECT ANSsocial smile begins to babble; turn to rattling noise; notices own hands; moves eyes across all fields of gaze eyes can track obj 180 degrees; raises head and neck when lying on stomach; notices own hands Developmental milestones (4mo) - CORRECT ANSlaughs rakes obj; grasps rattle; begins to roll over from stomach to back When do infants develop stranger anxiety? - CORRECT ANS4-6 mo developmental milestones (6mo) - CORRECT ANScontinuous babbling; babbles in response to sounds as in conversation exhibits stranger anxiety rolls over from back to front; transfers obj from hand to hand; reaches; pushes up on knees and hands and rocks back and forth sits with support Developmental milestones (7-9mo) - CORRECT ANSenjoys peek a boo; likes to look in mirror understands cause and effect (throwing toy) sits w/o support (8 mo) develops pincer grasp; feeds self a bottle/cheerios;crawls;stands holding on (9 mo) Developmental milestones (10-12 mo) - CORRECT ANSclaps hands;waves bye-bye points to obj when named; says "mama/dada"; says 5 words but understands many more pulls self-up to a stand;cruises;walks with support; may take first steps When do infant reflexes disappear? - CORRECT ANS4 mo Rooting - CORRECT ANSstroke cheek face will turn toward cheek- suck Moro - CORRECT ANSstartle reflex- extend limbs/fingers Parachute - CORRECT ANSemerges by 5-6 mo and is retained when slowly lowering the infant face and head down, infant extends both arms as to protect from falling tonic neck (fencing) - CORRECT ANSsuprine with head turned to one side infant will flex arm and leg on opposite side and extend arm and leg on face side babinski reflex - CORRECT ANStoes hyperextend when bottom of foot is stroked disappears within 2 years Toddler social/emotional dev milestones - CORRECT ANSegocentric resolution of stranger anxiety with parent present temper tantrums lacks concept of sharing; says "mine" pints to body parts; recognizes self in the mirror 12-month language/cognition - CORRECT ANSsays 5 words; understands many more 18 mo language/cognition - CORRECT ANSsays 50 words; understands many more 24 mo language/cognition - CORRECT ANSsays 400 words; uses 2–3-word phrases When does a child say their own name? - CORRECT ANS1-2 years When does the anterior fontanel close? - CORRECT ANS12-18 months posterior 2-3 mo When does a child begin to walk? - CORRECT ANS12-16 mo When does a child climb stairs? - CORRECT ANS21 mo When does a child run and jump? - CORRECT ANS24 mo Toilet training schedule - CORRECT ANS18-24 mo- shows interest in toilet 24 mo- bladder reaches adult functioning (conc and sphincter control) 2-3 yr- daytime dryness 3-5 yr- nighttime dryness Preschooler social/emotional dev milestones - CORRECT ANSEgocentricity dec and awareness of others increases sharing, taking turns, and following rules begins to develop a conscience people pleaser fears body integrity Preschool language/cognition - CORRECT ANS11,000 words begins to recognize letters counts but doesnt know what numbers mean 3 yr- 3-4 word phrases 4 yr- 4-5 word phrases 5 yr- 5-6 word phrases; tells long stories knows own and others gender 3 year old physical motor - CORRECT ANSrides tricycle; dresses self; uses scissors; builds a tower of more than 6 blocks 4 year old physical motor - CORRECT ANSthrows a ball overhead; hops and stands on one foot for up to 5 seconds 5 year old physical motor - CORRECT ANSdresses self well; adjile (runs, jumps, skips, hops) School age social/emotional - CORRECT ANSschool is focal point of activities teacher major influence parent is greatest influence develop first true friend group activities are a focus learns to cooperate and compromise morality develops School age language/cognition - CORRECT ANSdevelops sense of time and space understand cause and effect; consequences of actions reads and spells enjoys games with strategy (traffic) School age physical/motor - CORRECT ANSvision matures by age 6 child is limber and prone to fractures physical activity is important to avoid obesity Female puberty - CORRECT ANSbreast dev 10 yr pubic hair 11 yr height spurt 12 yr menarche avg 13 yr precocious puberty 1st sign 7 white 6 AA Male puberty - CORRECT ANStesticular enlargement 11 yr pubic hair 12 yr height spurt 13-14 yr precocious puberty 9 yr Psychosocial development - CORRECT ANSInfant: focus is trust Toddler: focus is autonomy Preschooler: focus is initiative School age: focus is achievement Adolescent: focus is identity development Cognitive development - CORRECT ANSInfant: learns through interaction with the environment Toddler: egocentric Preschooler: thinking is non-logical, non-linear, magical School age: thinking logical, linear, concrete Adolescent: thinking is adaptable, flexible, abstract Communication considerations - CORRECT ANSInfant: parental presence, routines, consistency Toddler: avoid parental sep, flexibility, autonomy, gross motor activity, choices Preschooler: Promote initiative, choices, short exp, dem to reduce anxiety School age: involve, explain, promote peers/school Adolescents: promote privacy/modesty, confidentiality, peer contact, open-ended ?, remain objective