Test Bank for Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology, Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition Capriotti.

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Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell c
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ompartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
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potassium ions. th




2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in th
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e presence of oxygen?
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1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid th th th



2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle th th th th th



3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A th th th



4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid th th th th th




3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
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1. 2 t h t h



2. 3 t h t h



3. 34 t h t h



4. 53 t h t h




4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids th



4. Deoxyribonucleic acids th




5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
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1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. th th th th th th th th



2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
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3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
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6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress th th th



2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) th th th th th th



3. During a severe hypoxic state th th th th



4. During the processing of prohormone th th th th




7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
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1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments


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3. Secretory vesicles th



4. Endoplasmic reticula th




8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
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1. Actin and myosin th th



2. Prohormone and tubulin th th



3. Tubulin and actin th th



4. Myosin and prohormone th th




9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
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1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes th




t h 10. t Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
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1. Accumulation of ganglioside th th



2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis th th th th



3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity th th th th



4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system th th th th th th th th




t h 11. t Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
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1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
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2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
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3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
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4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
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t h 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be i
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nvolved?
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
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2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
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3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules th th th th th th th



4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum th th th th th




t h 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component i
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s examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
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1. Transfer RNA th



2. Ribosomal RNA th



3. Double helix of DNA th th th



4. Mitochondrial DNA th




t h 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep
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climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellular hypoxia th



2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema th




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t h 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
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1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
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2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
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3. The presence of nucleotides th th th



4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
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t h 16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
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1. 2 t h t h



2. 3 t h t h



3. 4 t h t h



4. 5 t h t h




t h 17. t Which components form the structure of DNA?
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1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids th



3. Fatty acids th



4. Phosphates

t h 18. t h t h Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
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1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell th th th th



2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA th th th th th th th



3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell th th th th th th th



4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell th th th th th th th th th




t h 19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the
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mechanism of action of the drug? th th th th th



1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
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2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
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3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
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4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
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t h 20. t h t h Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
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1. In the ribosomes
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2. In the Golgi apparatus
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3. In the secretory granules
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4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
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t h 21. t h Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
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1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus th



4. Endoplasmic reticulum th




Multiple Response th



Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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t h 22. t h t h Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
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1. Microtubules are solid. th th



2. Microtubules are flexible. th th



3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin. th th th th



4. Microtubules are called actin filaments. th th th th



5. Microtubules have structures involved in cell division.
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t h 23.t h t h Which cellular actions are carried out during the process of protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
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1. DNA directs the cell to carry out the process.
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2. Transcription occurs in the ribosome of the cell. th th th th th th th



3. Protein translation takes place in the cell nucleus.
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4. RNA is single-stranded and travels outside the nucleus.
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5. In RNA, the pyrimidine base thymine is replaced with uracil.
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t h 24. Which characteristics are specific to RNA during protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
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1. Presence of ribose pentose sugar th th th th



2. Presence of single-stranded helix th th th



3. Presence of double-stranded helix th th th



4. Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar th th th th



5. Presence of uracil and cytosine as a pyrimidine base
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t h 25.t h t h Which are the purine bases found in DNA? Select all that apply.
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1. Uracil
2. Adenine
3. Guanine
4. Thymine
5. Cytosine




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