Bio 264 Exam 1 | 2025 LATEST UPDATED| 132 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100%
VERFIED | ALREADY GRADED A+|GET A+
1. Leeuwenhoek: First person to use microscopes to observe microbes; as a hobby
he made small handheld microscopes; he called microorganisms "animalcules" 2.
Hooke: He described "cellulae" (small rooms) in cork in 1665. His discovery to the
formulation of cell theory which states that cells are the basic organizational unit of
all living things.
3. Redi (spontaneous generation): This theory says that living organisms arise
from non-living things (ex. maggots come from rotting meat). In the late 1600's
Francesco Redi Showed that maggots only developed only in meat that flies could
reach to lay eggs in.
4. Needham: Everyone knew that boiling killed microbes; so he would boil
chicken broth, put it in a flask, and seal it. Microbes grew, so he claimed that it can
only be because of spontaneous generation.
,5. Spallanzani: Was not convinced by Needham's experiment. Instead put a
broth in a flask that's sealed creating a vacuum, and then boiled. There were no
microbes in the cooled broth.
6. What did critics sat about Spallanzani's experiment?: That he just proved
spontaneous generation required air.
7. Pastuer's experiment: Allowed free air, but prevented the entry of microbes.
He boiled meat in a flask and then drew out and the curved neck of the flask to be
tilted back so the broth returned to the base of the flask which the microbes couldn't
reach the broth.
8. What did Pasteur's swan neck experiments prove?: 1. No living things
arise from by spontaneous generation.
2. Microbes are everywhere - even in dust and air.
3. The growth of microbes causes dead plant and animal tissue to decompose and
food to spoil.
9. Who discovered alcoholic fermentation?: Louis Pasteur
10. What occurs in alcoholic fermentation?: Yeasts converts the glucose in
grapes to ethyl alcohol by fermentation, but certain contaminating bacteria, such
as Acetobacter, convert glucose to acetic acid (vinegar) which ruin the taste of
wine.
, 11. Who introduced terms aerobes and anaerobes?: Louis Pasteur
12. Aerobes: Organisms that require oxygen
13. Anaerobes: do not require oxygen and may even be killed by exposure
14. Who developed the process of pasteurization?: Louis Pasteur
15. Pasterization Process: Can be used to kill lethal pathogens in many types of
lipids where it's hold at a temperature for several minutes. It doesn't kill all
microbes just the pathogens.
16. Who found the infectious agents that caused the silkworm diseases that
were crippling the silk industry in France.: Pasteur
17. Who made significant contributions to the germ theory where specific
microbes cause specific infectious diseases?: Pasteur
18. Who championed changes in hospital practices to minimize the spread of
disease by pathogens?: Pasteur
19. Who developed vaccines to prevent chicken cholera, anthrax, and swine
erysipelas?: Pasteur
20. Who developed a vaccine to prevent rabies in dogs and successfully used
the vaccine to treat human rabies?: Pasteur
21. Germ Theory of Disease: It states that microbes cause disease and specific
microbes cause specific diseases.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100%
VERFIED | ALREADY GRADED A+|GET A+
1. Leeuwenhoek: First person to use microscopes to observe microbes; as a hobby
he made small handheld microscopes; he called microorganisms "animalcules" 2.
Hooke: He described "cellulae" (small rooms) in cork in 1665. His discovery to the
formulation of cell theory which states that cells are the basic organizational unit of
all living things.
3. Redi (spontaneous generation): This theory says that living organisms arise
from non-living things (ex. maggots come from rotting meat). In the late 1600's
Francesco Redi Showed that maggots only developed only in meat that flies could
reach to lay eggs in.
4. Needham: Everyone knew that boiling killed microbes; so he would boil
chicken broth, put it in a flask, and seal it. Microbes grew, so he claimed that it can
only be because of spontaneous generation.
,5. Spallanzani: Was not convinced by Needham's experiment. Instead put a
broth in a flask that's sealed creating a vacuum, and then boiled. There were no
microbes in the cooled broth.
6. What did critics sat about Spallanzani's experiment?: That he just proved
spontaneous generation required air.
7. Pastuer's experiment: Allowed free air, but prevented the entry of microbes.
He boiled meat in a flask and then drew out and the curved neck of the flask to be
tilted back so the broth returned to the base of the flask which the microbes couldn't
reach the broth.
8. What did Pasteur's swan neck experiments prove?: 1. No living things
arise from by spontaneous generation.
2. Microbes are everywhere - even in dust and air.
3. The growth of microbes causes dead plant and animal tissue to decompose and
food to spoil.
9. Who discovered alcoholic fermentation?: Louis Pasteur
10. What occurs in alcoholic fermentation?: Yeasts converts the glucose in
grapes to ethyl alcohol by fermentation, but certain contaminating bacteria, such
as Acetobacter, convert glucose to acetic acid (vinegar) which ruin the taste of
wine.
, 11. Who introduced terms aerobes and anaerobes?: Louis Pasteur
12. Aerobes: Organisms that require oxygen
13. Anaerobes: do not require oxygen and may even be killed by exposure
14. Who developed the process of pasteurization?: Louis Pasteur
15. Pasterization Process: Can be used to kill lethal pathogens in many types of
lipids where it's hold at a temperature for several minutes. It doesn't kill all
microbes just the pathogens.
16. Who found the infectious agents that caused the silkworm diseases that
were crippling the silk industry in France.: Pasteur
17. Who made significant contributions to the germ theory where specific
microbes cause specific infectious diseases?: Pasteur
18. Who championed changes in hospital practices to minimize the spread of
disease by pathogens?: Pasteur
19. Who developed vaccines to prevent chicken cholera, anthrax, and swine
erysipelas?: Pasteur
20. Who developed a vaccine to prevent rabies in dogs and successfully used
the vaccine to treat human rabies?: Pasteur
21. Germ Theory of Disease: It states that microbes cause disease and specific
microbes cause specific diseases.
