RENAL SYSTEM – COMPREHENSIVE TEST 2025| PHYSIOLOGY,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY & CLINICAL CARE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS COVERING THE RECENT TESTED QUESTIONS GRADED A+
THE RENAL TEST SUPPORTS STUDENTS IN MASTERING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
PATHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. FROM ELECTROLYTE
MONITORING TO INTERPRETING LAB VALUES AND MANAGING RENAL FAILURE,
THIS RESOURCE BUILDS CONFIDENCE FOR COURSE EXAMS, CLINICAL PRACTICE,
AND LICENSURE PREPARATION.
A client is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to control her hypertension. Her serum potassium level
is 6 mEq/L. For this client, the nurse's priority should be to assess her:
neuromuscular function. electrocardiogram (ECG) results.
bowel sounds.
respiratory rate. - CORRECT ANSWER-electrocardiogram (ECG)
A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2
days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide
(PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate
(HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing
which type of acid-base imbalance?
Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis - CORRECT
ANSWER-Metabolic alkalosis
A client with chronic renal failure has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. What should the nurse
assess first?
Blood pressure
Respirations
Temperature
Pulse - CORRECT ANSWER-Pulse
A nurse correctly identifies a urine specimen with a pH of 4.3 as being which type of solution?
Alkaline
,Acidic
Basic
Neutral - CORRECT ANSWER-Acidic
A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased
urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/L. Should
the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?
No, sodium intake should be restricted.
Yes, along with the hypotonic IV.
No, start with the sodium chloride IV.
Yes, this will correct the sodium deficit. - CORRECT ANSWER-No, sodium intake should be restricted.
You are caring for a 72-year-old client who has been admitted to your unit for a fluid volume
imbalance. You know which of the following is the most common fluid imbalance in older adults?
Hypovolemia
Dehydration
Hypervolemia
Fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER-Dehydration
A client has been admitted to the hospital unit with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia; however,
the client has not lost weight. The client exhibits a localized enlargement of her abdomen. What
condition could the client be presenting?
anasarca
third-spacing
hypovolemia
pitting edema - CORRECT ANSWER-third-spacing
A client is experiencing edema in the tissue. The nurse is correct in anticipating which tonicity of
intravenous fluid?
No intravenous solution Hypotonic solution
Isotonic fluid
Hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypertonic solution
, What foods can the nurse recommend for the patient with hypokalemia?
Green, leafy vegetables Nuts and legumes
Fruits such as bananas and apricots
Milk and yogurt - CORRECT ANSWER-Fruits such as bananas and apricots
The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea.
What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate
concentration should the nurse assess for?
Respiratory alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis - CORRECT
ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis
Which intervention is most appropriate for a client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, a
partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 26 mm Hg, oxygen (O2) saturation of 96%,
bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L, and a PaO2 of 94 mm Hg?
Administer an ordered decongestant.
Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
Administer ordered supplemental oxygen.
Offer the client fluids frequently. - CORRECT ANSWER-Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
Which electrolyte is a major cation in body fluid?
Potassium
Phosphate
Chloride
Bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER-Potassium
Which is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia?
Alcoholism
Burns
Sedentary lifestyle Intravenous drug use - CORRECT ANSWER-Alcoholism
Your client has a diagnosis of hypervolemia. What would be an important intervention that you
would initiate?
Assess for dehydration.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY & CLINICAL CARE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS COVERING THE RECENT TESTED QUESTIONS GRADED A+
THE RENAL TEST SUPPORTS STUDENTS IN MASTERING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
PATHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. FROM ELECTROLYTE
MONITORING TO INTERPRETING LAB VALUES AND MANAGING RENAL FAILURE,
THIS RESOURCE BUILDS CONFIDENCE FOR COURSE EXAMS, CLINICAL PRACTICE,
AND LICENSURE PREPARATION.
A client is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to control her hypertension. Her serum potassium level
is 6 mEq/L. For this client, the nurse's priority should be to assess her:
neuromuscular function. electrocardiogram (ECG) results.
bowel sounds.
respiratory rate. - CORRECT ANSWER-electrocardiogram (ECG)
A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2
days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide
(PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate
(HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing
which type of acid-base imbalance?
Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis - CORRECT
ANSWER-Metabolic alkalosis
A client with chronic renal failure has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. What should the nurse
assess first?
Blood pressure
Respirations
Temperature
Pulse - CORRECT ANSWER-Pulse
A nurse correctly identifies a urine specimen with a pH of 4.3 as being which type of solution?
Alkaline
,Acidic
Basic
Neutral - CORRECT ANSWER-Acidic
A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased
urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/L. Should
the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?
No, sodium intake should be restricted.
Yes, along with the hypotonic IV.
No, start with the sodium chloride IV.
Yes, this will correct the sodium deficit. - CORRECT ANSWER-No, sodium intake should be restricted.
You are caring for a 72-year-old client who has been admitted to your unit for a fluid volume
imbalance. You know which of the following is the most common fluid imbalance in older adults?
Hypovolemia
Dehydration
Hypervolemia
Fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER-Dehydration
A client has been admitted to the hospital unit with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia; however,
the client has not lost weight. The client exhibits a localized enlargement of her abdomen. What
condition could the client be presenting?
anasarca
third-spacing
hypovolemia
pitting edema - CORRECT ANSWER-third-spacing
A client is experiencing edema in the tissue. The nurse is correct in anticipating which tonicity of
intravenous fluid?
No intravenous solution Hypotonic solution
Isotonic fluid
Hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypertonic solution
, What foods can the nurse recommend for the patient with hypokalemia?
Green, leafy vegetables Nuts and legumes
Fruits such as bananas and apricots
Milk and yogurt - CORRECT ANSWER-Fruits such as bananas and apricots
The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea.
What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate
concentration should the nurse assess for?
Respiratory alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis - CORRECT
ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis
Which intervention is most appropriate for a client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, a
partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 26 mm Hg, oxygen (O2) saturation of 96%,
bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L, and a PaO2 of 94 mm Hg?
Administer an ordered decongestant.
Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
Administer ordered supplemental oxygen.
Offer the client fluids frequently. - CORRECT ANSWER-Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
Which electrolyte is a major cation in body fluid?
Potassium
Phosphate
Chloride
Bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER-Potassium
Which is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia?
Alcoholism
Burns
Sedentary lifestyle Intravenous drug use - CORRECT ANSWER-Alcoholism
Your client has a diagnosis of hypervolemia. What would be an important intervention that you
would initiate?
Assess for dehydration.
