BIOL 320 FINAL DR TAYLOR TAMU
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the major nutrients - ANS carbs, fat and protein
what are essential nutrients - ANS have to be consumed in diet because they are not
produced by the body
what are 3 examples of carb catabolism and what do they do - ANS glycolysis, fermentation,
ETC
broken down into amino acids
Glycogenesis - ANS creation of glycogen
glycogenolysis - ANS breakdown of glycogen into glucose
gluconeogenesis - ANS creation of new glucose
what is a nutrient - ANS a substance ingested in food for tissue growth, repair or
maintenance
what are complex carbs - ANS whole grains and veggies
what are the major functions of the urinary system - ANS those of the kidney- the other
organs just serve to support the kidney
- filters 200 L/blood a day (40x the average volume)
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, -removes toxins, nutrient waste and excess ions
-regulates volume and chemical makeup of blood
-maintains water/salt/acid/base balance in body
-Gluconeogenesis during fasting
-Production of Renin to Regulate BP
-Production of EPO to stimulate RBC formation
-Activation of Vitamin D
3 basic steps of urine production - ANS Filtration
Absorption
Secretion
What are ureters, where do they enter and give any other relevant info - ANS -muscular
tubes taking urine from kidney to bladder
-enter bladder thru base thru posterior wall
-as pressure increases, distal ends close to prevent backflow
-Has a trilayered Wall:
1. Mucosa: transitional ET
2. Muscularis: Smooth MT
3. Adventita: fibrous CT
- ACTIVE PROPULSION- responds to stretching by contacting
Give relevant info on the urinary bladder - ANS - muscular sac for urine storage
-normall holds abt 500mL but can hold up to 1L
Layers:
1. Mucosa:transitional ET
2. 3 layered muscularis
a. circular
b.longitudinal
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the major nutrients - ANS carbs, fat and protein
what are essential nutrients - ANS have to be consumed in diet because they are not
produced by the body
what are 3 examples of carb catabolism and what do they do - ANS glycolysis, fermentation,
ETC
broken down into amino acids
Glycogenesis - ANS creation of glycogen
glycogenolysis - ANS breakdown of glycogen into glucose
gluconeogenesis - ANS creation of new glucose
what is a nutrient - ANS a substance ingested in food for tissue growth, repair or
maintenance
what are complex carbs - ANS whole grains and veggies
what are the major functions of the urinary system - ANS those of the kidney- the other
organs just serve to support the kidney
- filters 200 L/blood a day (40x the average volume)
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, -removes toxins, nutrient waste and excess ions
-regulates volume and chemical makeup of blood
-maintains water/salt/acid/base balance in body
-Gluconeogenesis during fasting
-Production of Renin to Regulate BP
-Production of EPO to stimulate RBC formation
-Activation of Vitamin D
3 basic steps of urine production - ANS Filtration
Absorption
Secretion
What are ureters, where do they enter and give any other relevant info - ANS -muscular
tubes taking urine from kidney to bladder
-enter bladder thru base thru posterior wall
-as pressure increases, distal ends close to prevent backflow
-Has a trilayered Wall:
1. Mucosa: transitional ET
2. Muscularis: Smooth MT
3. Adventita: fibrous CT
- ACTIVE PROPULSION- responds to stretching by contacting
Give relevant info on the urinary bladder - ANS - muscular sac for urine storage
-normall holds abt 500mL but can hold up to 1L
Layers:
1. Mucosa:transitional ET
2. 3 layered muscularis
a. circular
b.longitudinal
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
