NSG 316 Exam 2
NSG 316 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions
and Answers Graded A 2025
Upper Motor Neuron - ANSWERS-Stroke, cerebral palsy, MS
Lower Motor Neuron - ANSWERS-Facia bells palsy (CN VII), spinal cord lesions, and
poliomyelitis
Neuro exam components - ANSWERS-Mental status, cranial nerves, motor system,
sensory system, reflexes
Balance tests - ANSWERS-Gait, romberg, RAM, finger to finger, finger to nose, and
heel to shin
Posterior column tract tests - ANSWERS-Vibration, position (kinesthesia), tactile
discrimination, stereognosis, graphesthesia, extinction, and point location
DTR 4+ - ANSWERS-Very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, disease indicator
DTR 3+ - ANSWERS-Brisker than average, probably normal
DTR 2+ - ANSWERS-Average, normal
DTR 1+ - ANSWERS-Diminished, low, normal, active with reinforcement
DTR 0 - ANSWERS-No response
Deep tendon reflexes - ANSWERS-Stretch reflexes, intactness of reflex arc at spinal
levels, normal override on the reflex of the high cortical levels
Biceps reflex - ANSWERS-c5-c6. Contraction of the biceps muscle and flexion of the
forearm
Triceps reflex - ANSWERS-C7-C8. Extension of the forearm
Brachioradialis reflex - ANSWERS-C5-C6. Flexion and supination of the forearm.
Quadriceps reflex - ANSWERS-L2-L4. Extension of the lower leg.
Achilles reflex - ANSWERS-L5-S2. Foot plantar flexes against the hand
Superficial reflexes - ANSWERS-Sensory receptors in skin, not the muscles
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, NSG 316 Exam 2
Abdominal reflexes - ANSWERS-Ipsilateral contraction of abdominal muscle with
deviation of umbilicus toward the stroke. Absent in many healthy people.
Glasgow Coma Scale - ANSWERS-Level of consciousness. Functional state of brain.
Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. 15= healthy. 3-7=coma
Aging pt neuro assessment - ANSWERS-Loss of muscle in face, neck, and around the
spine. Impaired fine coordination and agility. Loss of vibratory sense at ankle and
diminished achilles reflex. Pupillary miosis, irregular pupil shape, and decreased
pupillary reflex.
Anosmia - ANSWERS-Decrease of smell bilaterally
Neurogenic anosmia - ANSWERS-Unilateral smell loss in absence of disease (head
trauma or brain lesion)
Anosmia causes - ANSWERS-Cigarettes, cocaine, frontal lobe lesion, tumor in olfactory
bulb/tract, parkinsons, covid
Test CN II - ANSWERS-Acuity and confrontation. Snellen chart. Aging pt glaucoma test.
Hemianopsia - ANSWERS-Unable to see sides or peripherals
Test CN III - ANSWERS-Pupil size, regularily, equality, direct and consensual, PERRLA
Normal CN III - ANSWERS-Pupil constriction
Ptosis - ANSWERS-Drooping of eye. Occurs with myasthenia gravis, dysfunction of CN
III, or horner syndrome
Test CN IV - ANSWERS-Finger to nose, extraocular muscle movement
Strabismus - ANSWERS-Deviated gaze or limited eye movement
Esotropia - ANSWERS-Inward turning eyes
Exotropia - ANSWERS-Outward turning eyes
Hypotropia - ANSWERS-Downward turning eyes
Hypertropia - ANSWERS-Unward turning eyes
Abnormal CN V (motor) - ANSWERS-unilateral weakness occurs with lesions of pons
and cancer metasets to the skulls
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NSG 316 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions
and Answers Graded A 2025
Upper Motor Neuron - ANSWERS-Stroke, cerebral palsy, MS
Lower Motor Neuron - ANSWERS-Facia bells palsy (CN VII), spinal cord lesions, and
poliomyelitis
Neuro exam components - ANSWERS-Mental status, cranial nerves, motor system,
sensory system, reflexes
Balance tests - ANSWERS-Gait, romberg, RAM, finger to finger, finger to nose, and
heel to shin
Posterior column tract tests - ANSWERS-Vibration, position (kinesthesia), tactile
discrimination, stereognosis, graphesthesia, extinction, and point location
DTR 4+ - ANSWERS-Very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, disease indicator
DTR 3+ - ANSWERS-Brisker than average, probably normal
DTR 2+ - ANSWERS-Average, normal
DTR 1+ - ANSWERS-Diminished, low, normal, active with reinforcement
DTR 0 - ANSWERS-No response
Deep tendon reflexes - ANSWERS-Stretch reflexes, intactness of reflex arc at spinal
levels, normal override on the reflex of the high cortical levels
Biceps reflex - ANSWERS-c5-c6. Contraction of the biceps muscle and flexion of the
forearm
Triceps reflex - ANSWERS-C7-C8. Extension of the forearm
Brachioradialis reflex - ANSWERS-C5-C6. Flexion and supination of the forearm.
Quadriceps reflex - ANSWERS-L2-L4. Extension of the lower leg.
Achilles reflex - ANSWERS-L5-S2. Foot plantar flexes against the hand
Superficial reflexes - ANSWERS-Sensory receptors in skin, not the muscles
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, NSG 316 Exam 2
Abdominal reflexes - ANSWERS-Ipsilateral contraction of abdominal muscle with
deviation of umbilicus toward the stroke. Absent in many healthy people.
Glasgow Coma Scale - ANSWERS-Level of consciousness. Functional state of brain.
Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. 15= healthy. 3-7=coma
Aging pt neuro assessment - ANSWERS-Loss of muscle in face, neck, and around the
spine. Impaired fine coordination and agility. Loss of vibratory sense at ankle and
diminished achilles reflex. Pupillary miosis, irregular pupil shape, and decreased
pupillary reflex.
Anosmia - ANSWERS-Decrease of smell bilaterally
Neurogenic anosmia - ANSWERS-Unilateral smell loss in absence of disease (head
trauma or brain lesion)
Anosmia causes - ANSWERS-Cigarettes, cocaine, frontal lobe lesion, tumor in olfactory
bulb/tract, parkinsons, covid
Test CN II - ANSWERS-Acuity and confrontation. Snellen chart. Aging pt glaucoma test.
Hemianopsia - ANSWERS-Unable to see sides or peripherals
Test CN III - ANSWERS-Pupil size, regularily, equality, direct and consensual, PERRLA
Normal CN III - ANSWERS-Pupil constriction
Ptosis - ANSWERS-Drooping of eye. Occurs with myasthenia gravis, dysfunction of CN
III, or horner syndrome
Test CN IV - ANSWERS-Finger to nose, extraocular muscle movement
Strabismus - ANSWERS-Deviated gaze or limited eye movement
Esotropia - ANSWERS-Inward turning eyes
Exotropia - ANSWERS-Outward turning eyes
Hypotropia - ANSWERS-Downward turning eyes
Hypertropia - ANSWERS-Unward turning eyes
Abnormal CN V (motor) - ANSWERS-unilateral weakness occurs with lesions of pons
and cancer metasets to the skulls
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