ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
Homeostasis Negative Feedback correct answers >> Glucose
regulation
Homeostasis Positive Feedback correct answers >>
Contractions of labor
Three major components of a cell correct answers >>
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
What does the nucleus contain? correct answers >> DNA &
the codes for all the proteins of the body
What is the stored form of glucose? correct answers >>
Glycogen (present in the cytoplasm)
Ribosomes correct answers >> Site for protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum correct answers >> Ribosomes are
attached here. Produces other substances such as fats and
enzymes
,Golgi Apparatus correct answers >> Packages substances
that are to be excreted from the cell
Lysosomes correct answers >> Break down cell products and
foreign bodies to be used again
Peroxisomes correct answers >> Break down toxins in the
cell
Mitochondria correct answers >> Power plants - make ATP
(energy)
Cilia & flagella correct answers >> hair-like processes that
aid in movement
(cilia also helps with filtration)
Diffusion correct answers >> PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Movement from high to low concentration
Osmosis correct answers >> PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Movement of water from low concentration to high solute
concentration
Which processes use active transport? correct answers >>
Sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis USING ATP
,In a resting cell, where do Na+ and K+ stay? correct answers
>> Na+ is on the outside of the cell and K+ is on the inside of
the cell
Atrophy correct answers >> Workload, size of organelles,
energy usage, and functionality ALL DECREASE
ex) arm in a cast
Hypertrophy correct answers >> Increased workload, size
and number of organelles & contractility
Decreased functionality
ex) increase in muscle size when working out
AND
atherosclerosis makes the heart work harder and makes heart
bigger and flabbier, decreasing the function
Hyperplasia correct answers >> Increased workload, number
of cells, and functionality
TWO TYPES: compensatory & hormonal
ex) sloughing off of endometrium during menses
Metaplasia correct answers >> Normal cells are REPLACED
with abnormal cells
, ex) reflux, cilia lost in respiratory tract from smoking
Dysplasia correct answers >> Normal cells are MUTATED to
abnormal size and shape
ex) precancerous cells
Coagulative Necrosis correct answers >> Firm & opaque
KIDNEY & HEART
Liquefactive Necrosis correct answers >> Walled-off liquid
goo
BRAIN
Caseous Necrosis correct answers >> "Cased"-off cheese
globules
TB IN LUNGS
Fatty correct answers >> Opaque, chalky, soapy
FAT
Dry Gangrene correct answers >> coagulative
Wet Gangrene correct answers >> Liquid
MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
Homeostasis Negative Feedback correct answers >> Glucose
regulation
Homeostasis Positive Feedback correct answers >>
Contractions of labor
Three major components of a cell correct answers >>
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
What does the nucleus contain? correct answers >> DNA &
the codes for all the proteins of the body
What is the stored form of glucose? correct answers >>
Glycogen (present in the cytoplasm)
Ribosomes correct answers >> Site for protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum correct answers >> Ribosomes are
attached here. Produces other substances such as fats and
enzymes
,Golgi Apparatus correct answers >> Packages substances
that are to be excreted from the cell
Lysosomes correct answers >> Break down cell products and
foreign bodies to be used again
Peroxisomes correct answers >> Break down toxins in the
cell
Mitochondria correct answers >> Power plants - make ATP
(energy)
Cilia & flagella correct answers >> hair-like processes that
aid in movement
(cilia also helps with filtration)
Diffusion correct answers >> PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Movement from high to low concentration
Osmosis correct answers >> PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Movement of water from low concentration to high solute
concentration
Which processes use active transport? correct answers >>
Sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis USING ATP
,In a resting cell, where do Na+ and K+ stay? correct answers
>> Na+ is on the outside of the cell and K+ is on the inside of
the cell
Atrophy correct answers >> Workload, size of organelles,
energy usage, and functionality ALL DECREASE
ex) arm in a cast
Hypertrophy correct answers >> Increased workload, size
and number of organelles & contractility
Decreased functionality
ex) increase in muscle size when working out
AND
atherosclerosis makes the heart work harder and makes heart
bigger and flabbier, decreasing the function
Hyperplasia correct answers >> Increased workload, number
of cells, and functionality
TWO TYPES: compensatory & hormonal
ex) sloughing off of endometrium during menses
Metaplasia correct answers >> Normal cells are REPLACED
with abnormal cells
, ex) reflux, cilia lost in respiratory tract from smoking
Dysplasia correct answers >> Normal cells are MUTATED to
abnormal size and shape
ex) precancerous cells
Coagulative Necrosis correct answers >> Firm & opaque
KIDNEY & HEART
Liquefactive Necrosis correct answers >> Walled-off liquid
goo
BRAIN
Caseous Necrosis correct answers >> "Cased"-off cheese
globules
TB IN LUNGS
Fatty correct answers >> Opaque, chalky, soapy
FAT
Dry Gangrene correct answers >> coagulative
Wet Gangrene correct answers >> Liquid
