NR511 Final UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders suggests that which of the
following neurotransmitters plays a role in anxiety? - CORRECT ANSWER - Gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA)
The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric
Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text revision)
state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 6 months
A 20-year-old woman is seen in the clinic because her boyfriend was found to have gonorrhea.
Which of the following is the treatment of choice for gonorrhea?
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Doxycycline
c. Acyclovir
d. Metronidazole - CORRECT ANSWER - Ceftriaxone
A patient is seen in the clinic with a chief complaint of hematuria. To make a differential
diagnosis, which of the following questions should be asked?
a. "Do you have a history of liver disease?"
b. "What medications are you currently taking?"
c. "Have you noticed swelling in your ankles?"
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - "What medications are you currently taking"
A patient is seen in the clinic with hematuria confirmed on microscopic examination. The
clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might be the cause
of hematuria?
a. NSAIDs
b. Beets
,c. Vitamin A
d. Red meat - CORRECT ANSWER - NSAIDS
A 27-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She has
no previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI). What are some additional symptoms
consistent with a diagnosis of lower UTI?
a. Back and abdominal pain
b. Fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
c. Blood in urine and frequency
d. Foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood in urine ad
frequency
A 30-year-old patient presents with pain on urination. The urine microscopy of unspun urine
shows greater than 10 leukocytes/mL, and a dipstick is positive for nitrites. What is the probable
diagnosis?
a. Lower urinary tract infection
b. Chlamydia infection
c. Candidiasis
d. Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER - Lower urinary tract infection
A patient presents with CVA tenderness and a several-day history of high fever, chills, and
dysuria. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely given the above information?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Cystitis
c. Renal calculi
d. Bladder tumor - CORRECT ANSWER - Pyelonephritis
A patient is diagnosed with urge incontinence. Before prescribing Detrol XL, the provider should
question the patient about which of these contraindications to this medication?
a. Diarrhea
,b. Parkinson's disease
c. Closed-angle glaucoma
d. Breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER - Closed-angle glaucoma
A patient is seen in the office complaining of severe flank pain. The clinician should assess this
patient for which risk factor for kidney stones?
a. Hypertension
b. Constipation
c. Tubal ligation
d. Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypertension
A patient is diagnosed with overactive bladder. Which of the following instructions should be
given to this woman?
a. "Limit the amount of water that you drink."
b. "Eliminate caffeine from your diet."
c. "Wear panty liners."
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - Eliminate caffeine from your diet
A 34-year-old patient was treated for a UTI and has not responded to antibiotic therapy. Which
of the following actions should be taken next?
a. Send a urine specimen for microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies.
b. Increase the dose of antibiotic.
c. Order a cytoscopy.
d. Order a different antibiotic. - CORRECT ANSWER - Send a urine specimen for
microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies
Which of the following are predisposing factors for pyelonephritis?
a. Pregnancy
b. Dehydration
, c. Smoking
d. Alkaline urine - CORRECT ANSWER - Pregnancy
A 42-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with fever, chills, vomiting, and severe dysuria. She is
diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. How should this patient be managed?
a. 3-day course of oral antibiotics
b. Hospitalization
c. Encourage cranberry juice intake.
d. 6-week course of antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - Hospitalization
Oral antibiotics may be prescribed in mild cases of acute pyelonephritis, characterized by the
absence of nausea and vomiting or signs of sepsis. First-line therapy includes ciprofloxacin
(Cipro) 500 mg two times daily for 7 days, or ciprofloxacin extended-release (Cipro XR) 1,000
mg daily for 7 days, or levofloxacin (Levaquin) 750 mg daily for 5 days.
Hospitalization may be indicated, depending on the patient's ability to maintain adequate fluid
intake and to tolerate oral antibiotics, along with the severity of the symptoms and evidence of
bacteremia. Hospitalization of patients who are pregnant, vomiting, or dehydrated should be
strongly considered. Likewise, the patient's degree of systemic illness (bacteremia or urosepsis),
age, history of chronic disease, or nonadherence to therapy may lead to the assessment that
hospitalization is necessary. Ninety- five percent of patients demonstrate a good response within
48 hours to IV antibiotic treatment and may be discharged on appropriate oral medication, once
urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity results are available and subsequent antimicrobial therapy
may be narrowed in spectrum.
A patient is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and
diaphoresis. In addition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to the list of
differential diagnoses?
a. Pancreatitis
b. Peptic ulcer disease
c. Diverticulitis
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - All of the above
and CORRECT Answers
The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders suggests that which of the
following neurotransmitters plays a role in anxiety? - CORRECT ANSWER - Gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA)
The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric
Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text revision)
state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 6 months
A 20-year-old woman is seen in the clinic because her boyfriend was found to have gonorrhea.
Which of the following is the treatment of choice for gonorrhea?
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Doxycycline
c. Acyclovir
d. Metronidazole - CORRECT ANSWER - Ceftriaxone
A patient is seen in the clinic with a chief complaint of hematuria. To make a differential
diagnosis, which of the following questions should be asked?
a. "Do you have a history of liver disease?"
b. "What medications are you currently taking?"
c. "Have you noticed swelling in your ankles?"
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - "What medications are you currently taking"
A patient is seen in the clinic with hematuria confirmed on microscopic examination. The
clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might be the cause
of hematuria?
a. NSAIDs
b. Beets
,c. Vitamin A
d. Red meat - CORRECT ANSWER - NSAIDS
A 27-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She has
no previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI). What are some additional symptoms
consistent with a diagnosis of lower UTI?
a. Back and abdominal pain
b. Fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
c. Blood in urine and frequency
d. Foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood in urine ad
frequency
A 30-year-old patient presents with pain on urination. The urine microscopy of unspun urine
shows greater than 10 leukocytes/mL, and a dipstick is positive for nitrites. What is the probable
diagnosis?
a. Lower urinary tract infection
b. Chlamydia infection
c. Candidiasis
d. Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER - Lower urinary tract infection
A patient presents with CVA tenderness and a several-day history of high fever, chills, and
dysuria. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely given the above information?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Cystitis
c. Renal calculi
d. Bladder tumor - CORRECT ANSWER - Pyelonephritis
A patient is diagnosed with urge incontinence. Before prescribing Detrol XL, the provider should
question the patient about which of these contraindications to this medication?
a. Diarrhea
,b. Parkinson's disease
c. Closed-angle glaucoma
d. Breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER - Closed-angle glaucoma
A patient is seen in the office complaining of severe flank pain. The clinician should assess this
patient for which risk factor for kidney stones?
a. Hypertension
b. Constipation
c. Tubal ligation
d. Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypertension
A patient is diagnosed with overactive bladder. Which of the following instructions should be
given to this woman?
a. "Limit the amount of water that you drink."
b. "Eliminate caffeine from your diet."
c. "Wear panty liners."
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - Eliminate caffeine from your diet
A 34-year-old patient was treated for a UTI and has not responded to antibiotic therapy. Which
of the following actions should be taken next?
a. Send a urine specimen for microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies.
b. Increase the dose of antibiotic.
c. Order a cytoscopy.
d. Order a different antibiotic. - CORRECT ANSWER - Send a urine specimen for
microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies
Which of the following are predisposing factors for pyelonephritis?
a. Pregnancy
b. Dehydration
, c. Smoking
d. Alkaline urine - CORRECT ANSWER - Pregnancy
A 42-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with fever, chills, vomiting, and severe dysuria. She is
diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. How should this patient be managed?
a. 3-day course of oral antibiotics
b. Hospitalization
c. Encourage cranberry juice intake.
d. 6-week course of antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - Hospitalization
Oral antibiotics may be prescribed in mild cases of acute pyelonephritis, characterized by the
absence of nausea and vomiting or signs of sepsis. First-line therapy includes ciprofloxacin
(Cipro) 500 mg two times daily for 7 days, or ciprofloxacin extended-release (Cipro XR) 1,000
mg daily for 7 days, or levofloxacin (Levaquin) 750 mg daily for 5 days.
Hospitalization may be indicated, depending on the patient's ability to maintain adequate fluid
intake and to tolerate oral antibiotics, along with the severity of the symptoms and evidence of
bacteremia. Hospitalization of patients who are pregnant, vomiting, or dehydrated should be
strongly considered. Likewise, the patient's degree of systemic illness (bacteremia or urosepsis),
age, history of chronic disease, or nonadherence to therapy may lead to the assessment that
hospitalization is necessary. Ninety- five percent of patients demonstrate a good response within
48 hours to IV antibiotic treatment and may be discharged on appropriate oral medication, once
urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity results are available and subsequent antimicrobial therapy
may be narrowed in spectrum.
A patient is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and
diaphoresis. In addition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to the list of
differential diagnoses?
a. Pancreatitis
b. Peptic ulcer disease
c. Diverticulitis
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - All of the above
