NURS 332 – MIDTERM | NURSING THEORY AND CLINICAL
APPLICATION ––200 PRACTICE CORRECT ANSWERS
COVERING MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
NURS 332 MIDTERM #2 FOCUSES ON INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL NURSING
KNOWLEDGE, INCLUDING CLINICAL ASSESSMENTS, PATIENT CARE PLANNING,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS, AND EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS.
THIS EXAM EVALUATES A STUDENT’S ABILITY TO APPLY THEORETICAL
PRINCIPLES TO REAL-WORLD CLINICAL SCENARIOS, SUPPORTING
DEVELOPMENT IN CRITICAL THINKING AND PROFESSIONAL NURSING
JUDGMENT.
How is acute kidney injury identified? - CORRECT ANSWER-oliguria and elevated serum BUN
(3.0-6.5=N) and creatinine (60-110=N)
Together, elevation of BUN and creatinine= azotemia
What are some of the risk factors for acute kidney infection? - CORRECT ANSWER--proteinuria
-history of renal problems
-use of nephrotoxic agents
-exposure to heavy metals or organic solvents
-recent hypotensive episode
-tumor or vascular obstruction
What are some drugs that alter renal perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER--ACE inhibitors
-ARB's
-NSAIDs
-cyclosporine
What is prerenal injury caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER--inadequate blood flow resulting in
renal hypoperfusion/ischemia
-often reversible
,What are some of the causes of prerenal injury? - CORRECT ANSWER--increased vascular
capacity
-drugs that alter renal hemodynamics
-decreased cardiac output
symptoms of acute subdural hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--drowsiness
-headache
-confusion
-slowed thinking
-agitation
-unilateral pupillary abnormality
symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--headache
-lethargy
-absent-mindedness
-vomiting
-seizures
-stiff neck
-pupil changes
-hemiparesis
epidural hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--occurs in space between dura mater and the skull
-common with high impact to the temporal area resulting in shearing of small arteries
-classic presentation: brief loss of consciousness followed by an episode of being alert and oriented,
and so on
-dilated and fixed pupil on the same side as impact area is hallmark of an epidural hematoma
intracerebral hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--bleeding directly into the cerebral tissue
resulting in destruction of cerebral tissue, cerebral edema, & increased ICP
-results from: uncontrolled HTN, ruptured aneurysm, trauma with high-impact blow to the head
, clinical manifestations of an intracerebral hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--headache with
decreased LOC
-unilateral pupil dilation
-hemiplegia
contusion - CORRECT ANSWER--bruising of soft tissue and is considered a moderate to severe
head injury
-commonly seen in traumatic brain injury & usually r/t acceleration-deceleration injuries
-manifestations r/t area of brain affected
-can be focal & superficial or spread to deeper layers
-GCS useful in determining severity
diffuse head injuries - CORRECT ANSWER--involves the brain more globally (occurs in several
areas of brain)
-concussion
-diffuse axonal injury
-subarachnoid hemorrhage
diffuse axonal injury - CORRECT ANSWER-involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of axons d/t
movement of the brain inside cranium at time of impact
-commonly caused by acceleration-deceleration and rotational forces
-mild (coma <24 hours)
-moderate (coma >24 hours with transient flexor or extensor posturing)
-severe (coma prolonged, fever, diaphoretic, & severe extensor posturing)
subarachnoid hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER-accumulation of blood/hematoma between the
arachnoid layer of the meninges and the brain
-can be focal with little consequence or massive/diffuse
-S&S: intracranial hypotension, neck stiffness, *severe headache*
Pharmacological management of TBI - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmotic Diuretics:
-mannitol
APPLICATION ––200 PRACTICE CORRECT ANSWERS
COVERING MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
NURS 332 MIDTERM #2 FOCUSES ON INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL NURSING
KNOWLEDGE, INCLUDING CLINICAL ASSESSMENTS, PATIENT CARE PLANNING,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS, AND EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS.
THIS EXAM EVALUATES A STUDENT’S ABILITY TO APPLY THEORETICAL
PRINCIPLES TO REAL-WORLD CLINICAL SCENARIOS, SUPPORTING
DEVELOPMENT IN CRITICAL THINKING AND PROFESSIONAL NURSING
JUDGMENT.
How is acute kidney injury identified? - CORRECT ANSWER-oliguria and elevated serum BUN
(3.0-6.5=N) and creatinine (60-110=N)
Together, elevation of BUN and creatinine= azotemia
What are some of the risk factors for acute kidney infection? - CORRECT ANSWER--proteinuria
-history of renal problems
-use of nephrotoxic agents
-exposure to heavy metals or organic solvents
-recent hypotensive episode
-tumor or vascular obstruction
What are some drugs that alter renal perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER--ACE inhibitors
-ARB's
-NSAIDs
-cyclosporine
What is prerenal injury caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER--inadequate blood flow resulting in
renal hypoperfusion/ischemia
-often reversible
,What are some of the causes of prerenal injury? - CORRECT ANSWER--increased vascular
capacity
-drugs that alter renal hemodynamics
-decreased cardiac output
symptoms of acute subdural hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--drowsiness
-headache
-confusion
-slowed thinking
-agitation
-unilateral pupillary abnormality
symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--headache
-lethargy
-absent-mindedness
-vomiting
-seizures
-stiff neck
-pupil changes
-hemiparesis
epidural hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--occurs in space between dura mater and the skull
-common with high impact to the temporal area resulting in shearing of small arteries
-classic presentation: brief loss of consciousness followed by an episode of being alert and oriented,
and so on
-dilated and fixed pupil on the same side as impact area is hallmark of an epidural hematoma
intracerebral hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--bleeding directly into the cerebral tissue
resulting in destruction of cerebral tissue, cerebral edema, & increased ICP
-results from: uncontrolled HTN, ruptured aneurysm, trauma with high-impact blow to the head
, clinical manifestations of an intracerebral hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER--headache with
decreased LOC
-unilateral pupil dilation
-hemiplegia
contusion - CORRECT ANSWER--bruising of soft tissue and is considered a moderate to severe
head injury
-commonly seen in traumatic brain injury & usually r/t acceleration-deceleration injuries
-manifestations r/t area of brain affected
-can be focal & superficial or spread to deeper layers
-GCS useful in determining severity
diffuse head injuries - CORRECT ANSWER--involves the brain more globally (occurs in several
areas of brain)
-concussion
-diffuse axonal injury
-subarachnoid hemorrhage
diffuse axonal injury - CORRECT ANSWER-involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of axons d/t
movement of the brain inside cranium at time of impact
-commonly caused by acceleration-deceleration and rotational forces
-mild (coma <24 hours)
-moderate (coma >24 hours with transient flexor or extensor posturing)
-severe (coma prolonged, fever, diaphoretic, & severe extensor posturing)
subarachnoid hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER-accumulation of blood/hematoma between the
arachnoid layer of the meninges and the brain
-can be focal with little consequence or massive/diffuse
-S&S: intracranial hypotension, neck stiffness, *severe headache*
Pharmacological management of TBI - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmotic Diuretics:
-mannitol
