, Praxis 5025 Language and Literacy Review (2025) |
Oral Language, Phonological Awareness, Writing
Stages, Text Structures, and Reading Fluency
Explained.
Oral Language Development
Language occurs through an interaction among genes (which hold innate tendencies to communicate
and be sociable), environment, and the child's own thinking abilities.
When do children typically say their first word?
Between 12 and 18 months of age
Components of Oral Language
phonological (combing sounds), semantic (meaning), and syntactic (rules/grammar)
Stages of Writing Development
1. Drawing/Scribbling
2. Scribble Writing/Mock Letters
3. String of random letters
4. Labels in pictures
5. Invented Spelling
6. Conventional Spelling
Developmental Spelling Patterns
1. Precommunicative Phase: uses symbols from the alphabet but shows no knowledge of letter-sound
correspondences
2. Semiphonetic Phase: begins to understand letter-sound correspondence, that sounds are assigned to
letters
3. Phonetic Phase: uses a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound that they hear in a
word
4. Transitional Phase: begins to assimilate the conventional alternative for representing sounds, moving
from a dependence on phonology (sounds) for representing words to a reliance on visual representation
and an understanding of the structure of words
5. Standard Phase: knows the English orthographic system and its basic rules; minimal mistakes in
spelling/writing
Oral Language, Phonological Awareness, Writing
Stages, Text Structures, and Reading Fluency
Explained.
Oral Language Development
Language occurs through an interaction among genes (which hold innate tendencies to communicate
and be sociable), environment, and the child's own thinking abilities.
When do children typically say their first word?
Between 12 and 18 months of age
Components of Oral Language
phonological (combing sounds), semantic (meaning), and syntactic (rules/grammar)
Stages of Writing Development
1. Drawing/Scribbling
2. Scribble Writing/Mock Letters
3. String of random letters
4. Labels in pictures
5. Invented Spelling
6. Conventional Spelling
Developmental Spelling Patterns
1. Precommunicative Phase: uses symbols from the alphabet but shows no knowledge of letter-sound
correspondences
2. Semiphonetic Phase: begins to understand letter-sound correspondence, that sounds are assigned to
letters
3. Phonetic Phase: uses a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound that they hear in a
word
4. Transitional Phase: begins to assimilate the conventional alternative for representing sounds, moving
from a dependence on phonology (sounds) for representing words to a reliance on visual representation
and an understanding of the structure of words
5. Standard Phase: knows the English orthographic system and its basic rules; minimal mistakes in
spelling/writing
