Grand Canyon University NUR 635 final exam study guide questions with correct detailed answers

Grand Canyon University NUR 635 |! |! |! |! |!




final exam study guide questions |! |! |! |! |!




with correct detailed answers |! |! |!




Pharmacokinetics - Correct answer ✔The process by which drugs |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!



are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and
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excreted.


The route of administration with highest bioavailability - Correct
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answer ✔intravenous |!




steady state (SS) is reached in what time frame - Correct answer
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✔4-5 half lives of a drug
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zero order (non-linear) pharmacokinetics - Correct answer ✔drug
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is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
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Steps of drug development - Correct answer ✔phase 1 preclinical
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research with animal testing
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phase 2 human subjects for med safety
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Phase 3 humans comparing drug to accepted meds or placebo
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FDA review of results
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post-marketing study |!

,Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MOA - Correct |! |! |! |! |! |! |!



answer ✔lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of
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angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent
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vasoconstrictor)


ACEIs ending - Correct answer ✔-pril
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Important side effects of ACEIs (2) - Correct answer ✔cough,
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angioedema


ARBs end in? - Correct answer ✔-sartan
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ARBs MOA - Correct answer ✔Block angiotensin-2 type 1
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receptors (AT1 receptor) |! |!




Decrease BP via arteriolar and venous dilation
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Block aldosterone secretion (decreased Na2+ and H2O retention)
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Does NOT increase Bradykinin levels
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Decrease diabetic nephrotoxicity |! |!




% of htn that are essential (primary) - Correct answer ✔90%
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nitrates are contraindicated for pts w/ - Correct answer ✔PDE-5
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inhibitors (sildenafil and vardenafil)
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Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation results in - Correct answer
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✔vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure |! |! |! |!

, Alpha 1 adrenergic blockade results in - Correct answer
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✔vasodilation and reduced blood pressure |! |! |! |!




Beta 1 adrenergic stimulation by beta agonists results in -
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Correct answer ✔increased heart rate, increased blood pressure,
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increased cardiac output |! |!




Beta blockers ending - Correct answer ✔-olol
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nonselective beta blockers - Correct answer ✔propranolol,
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timolol, nadolol, pindolol
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Selective beta blockers - Correct answer ✔Block only beta-1
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(cardiac) (atenolol, metoprolol) |! |!




Carvedilol is not used in hypertensive emergencies, it is which
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kind of blocker - Correct answer ✔alpha and beta receptor
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blocker


1st line therapy for HTN includes - Correct answer ✔ACE
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inhibitors, ARBS and CCBs |! |! |!




Beta blockers are not considered first line therapy in HTN
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because - Correct answer ✔increased morbidity and mortality
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