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Summary - Digital health communication

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This document gives a broad summary of all the aspects revolving around digital health communication. Note!: most of the document is written in English. However, some notes are written in Dutch.

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Uploaded on
June 30, 2025
Number of pages
105
Written in
2024/2025
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Digital health communication
Blok 3
Bij het leren in iedere powerpoint kijken naar wat de leerdoelen zijn

Health Behavior Change Theories – Theories like the Theory of Planned
Behavior (TPB) and COM-B Modelthat explain how people adopt and
maintain health-related behaviors.

Behavior Change Support Systems (BCSS) – Digital interventions designed
to help users modify their health behaviors through persuasive technology.

Models - Theoretical perspectives to digital health adherence
(Ryan et al., 2018):
• The Internet Intervention Model
• Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) Model

Persuasive technology =
Strategies to influence behavior
Contextual inquiry =
Observing users in their environment to see their needs

, Week 1
T-lecture

Persuasive health technology =
designed to influence, reinforce, or change health-related behaviors (McLean,
2020).
Examples include eHealth, mHealth, VR treatment, and social robots.

Interventie =
Een interventie is een gerichte actie of maatregel om een probleem op te lossen
of gedrag te veranderen. Dit kan in verschillende domeinen worden toegepast,
zoals gezondheid, onderwijs of technologie.

Behavior change interventions =
Behavior change interventions involve strategies designed to influence people to
adopt healthier behaviors. These can include education, incentives, or
regulations, based on theories of behavior change.

Contextual inquiry =
Contextual inquiry is een gebruikersgericht onderzoeksmethode waarbij
onderzoekers zich verdiepen in de context waarin mensen een product, dienst of
technologie gebruiken. Het doel is om te begrijpen wat gebruikers doen, waarom
ze dat doen, en hoe een product beter op hun behoeften kan aansluiten.

Behavior change and theories:
Om gedrag te veranderen, zijn er modellen en technieken die helpen
begrijpen waarom mensen iets wel of niet doen en hoe je een interventie
effectiever maakt:

- The COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation) is used to identify
behavior change barriers and inform intervention strategies.
✔️
COM-B model – Gedrag wordt beïnvloed door:
 Capability (kunnen ze het?)
 Opportunity (hebben ze de kans?)
 Motivation (willen ze het echt?)
- The Behavior Change Wheel (BCTs) helps design interventions by
linking techniques to behavioral determinants.
Een hulpmiddel om de juiste technieken te kiezen voor gedragsverandering.
- Intention-Behavior Gap: The challenge of translating intentions into
actions can be addressed through goal setting, planning, self-monitoring,
and feedback.
Veel mensen willen iets doen (zoals gezonder eten), maar doen het uiteindelijk niet. Dit kan verbeterd worden
door deze factoren.


Main Factors Increasing/Decreasing the Impact of Digital Health
Applications
1. Increasing Impact:
o Personalization of content.
o Interactivity and feedback.
o Continuous engagement through reminders or gamification.
2. Decreasing Impact:
o Lack of usability or accessibility.
o Low engagement or motivation from users.
o Poor integration with existing habits or behaviors.

,Importance of Theory Use in Digital Health Applications
Using theories ensures that interventions are:
 Evidence-based: Backed by research on what drives behavior change.
 Targeted: Focused on key psychological, social, or environmental factors.
 Measurable: Provides a framework for evaluating effectiveness.

How to maximize impact of health applications?
- Evidence-based components: Applications should be built on health
behavior theories and behavioral change techniques.
- Sufficient uptake: Apps should be user-centered, designed with
technology acceptance and engagement in mind.

Rational models of health behavior =
Are theory-driven frameworks that assume individuals make conscious, logical
decisions about their health based on information, beliefs, and expected
outcomes. These models suggest that people weigh the pros and cons of an
action before deciding whether to engage in a behavior (e.g., quitting smoking,
exercising, or taking medication).

Key Assumptions of Rational Models
✅ People process health-related information logically before acting.
✅ Decision-making is deliberate and planned, not impulsive.
✅ Behavioral intentions predict actual behavior.
✅ Factors like knowledge, attitudes, and perceived risks influence behavior.

Non-Rational Theories of Health Behavior =
o People don’t always act logically, emotions and subconscious
influences matter.
o Examples: Habit formation, impulsive behaviors, and social
influence.
 Digital Strategies:
o Use emotional messaging or visuals to create urgency.
o Incorporate features like peer support or social proof.

Rational vs. Non-Rational Models of Health Behavior
 Rational Models (e.g., Theory of Planned Behavior) assume behavior is
planned and influenced by intention, subjective norms, attitudes, and
perceived behavioral control.
 Non-Rational Models focus on subconscious behavioral determinants, which
can be influenced by digital health communication.

Waarom past een non-rationeel model beter bij digitale
gezondheidscommunicatie dan een rationeel model?
Digitale gezondheidscommunicatie probeert mensen te helpen gezondere keuzes
te maken, zoals meer bewegen, gezonder eten of therapietrouw verbeteren.
Traditioneel worden hiervoor rationele modellen gebruikt, maar non-rationele
modellen blijken vaak effectiever.

Rationele vs. non-rationele modellen: Wat is het verschil?
Rationele modellen (zoals het Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior)
gaan ervan uit dat mensen rationele beslissingen nemen op basis van informatie
en bewuste overwegingen.

, Non-rationele modellen (zoals het COM-B model, Nudging, Affective Model)
erkennen dat emoties, gewoontes en intuïtie een grote rol spelen in gedrag.
Voorbeeld:
 Rationeel model: "Als je uitlegt dat roken longkanker veroorzaakt, zal
iemand stoppen met roken."
 Non-rationeel model: "Mensen roken vaak uit gewoonte of stress, dus we
moeten gedrag subtiel beïnvloeden, niet alleen info geven."

Mensen handelen vaak irrationeel
 Mensen niet altijd logisch nadenken, maar beslissingen nemen op basis
van emoties en gewoontes.
 Te veel informatie kan leiden tot weerstand en informatie-overload.
 Mensen zijn slecht in langetermijndenken en kiezen liever voor direct
plezier (bijv. snoep eten vs. gezonde snack).

Intention-Behavior Gap:
This gap refers to situations where people intend to change their behavior but fail
to do so.
 Bridging the Gap:
o Use reminders or nudges to prompt action.
o Help users create implementation intentions (specific plans for
when, where, and how they will act).

Unique Assets of Digital Interventions: Just-in-Time and Adaptive
 Just-in-Time Interventions: Deliver messages or prompts exactly when
they are needed (e.g., reminders to exercise during free time).
 Adaptive Interventions: Tailor content dynamically based on user
behavior and feedback (e.g., increasing difficulty as users progress).

eHealth =
Gebruik van digitale
technologieën (zoals apps
en VR) om
gezondheidszorg te
ondersteunen of te
leveren.

mHealth =
Specifieke vorm van eHealth waarbij mobiele technologie (zoals smartphones en
apps) wordt gebruikt voor gezondheidsdoeleinden.

Persuasive Health Technology =
Technologie die gedrag probeert te beïnvloeden en mensen helpt gezondere
keuzes te maken, bijvoorbeeld door sociale robots voor ouderen of VR voor
pijnbestrijding.

De overlapping tussen deze concepten laat zien dat veel technologieën meerdere
functies kunnen hebben, bijvoorbeeld een mHealth-app met persuasieve
technieken om mensen te motiveren gezonder te leven.


Implementation and Operationalization
 The Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers, 1962) explains how
people adopt new technology at different rates (Innovators → Laggards).

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