EXP3604 Exam 2 UF |92 Questions and
Answers
Sensory memory - -the large-capacity storage system that records
information from each of the senses with reasonable accuracy
- Short-term memory - -the part of of memory that holds only the small
amount of information that a person is actively using. The more current term
for this type of memory is working memory
- Chunk - -a memory unit that consists of several components that are
strongly associated with one another
- Explain chunking in your own words. - -describes the basic unit in short-
term memory
- How might chunking help when studying for an exam or memorizing a
phone number? - -instead of trying learn an entire phone number or an
entire fact, we can learn certain parts, or chunks, to facilitate memorization
- Why might sensory memory be hard to prove? - -it is not observable, it is a
mental process
- differentiate between sensory memory and short-term memory - -sensory
memory: a storage system that records information from each of the senses
with reasonable accuracy, operates unconsciously
short-term memory: the memory system that is responsible for holding onto
a small amount of information that has been recently taken from the
environment, operates consciously (what isn't lost from sensory memory
moves onto short-term memory according the atkinson-shriffrin model)
- What is the duration of short-term memory? - -30 seconds (according to
the atkinson-shriffrin model)
- Brown/Peterson and Peterson Technique - -involves presenting
participants with some items that they are instructed to the distracting task.
After spending some time on the distracting task, participants are then asked
to recall the original items
- Rehearsal - -repeating items silently
- Serial-postion effect - -the U-shaped relationship between a word's
position in a list and its probability of recall
, - Recency Effect - -better recall for items at the end of a list
- Primacy effect - -enhanced recall for items at the beginning of the list
- Semanitics - -the meaning of words and sentences
- proactive interference - -people have trouble learning new material
because previously learned material keeps inferring with their new language
- release from proactive interference - -when old material no longer
interferes new material, possibly because of a change in semantics (Wickens
and colleagues)
- Information-processing approach - -one approach to cognition, arguing (a)
our mental processes are similar to the operations of a computer, and (b)
information progresses through our cognitive system in a series of stages,
one step at a time
- Atkinson-Shiffrin Model - -proposed that memory involves a sequence of
separate steps. in each step, information is transferred from one storage
area to another
- Control Processes - -intentional strategies (like rehearsal) that people may
use to improve their memory
- Differentiate between recency effect and the primacy effect - -Recency
effect: better recall for items at the end of a list
-deals with short-term memory
Primacy effect: enhanced recall for items at the beginning of the list
-by time of recall, information is transferred to long-term memory
- Scenario #1: you are a participant in an experiment testing short-term
memory and recall. The word that you are asked to recall is couch, but you
say sofa instead. Which effect error does this demonstrate? - -Within
categories error
-
- Scenario #2: you are a participant in an experiment testing short-term
memory and recall. The word that you are asked to recall is couch, but you
say slouch instead. Which effect error does this demonstrate? - -
Phonological error
- How can manipulating a specific part of a serial-position curve prove a
dissociation between working memory and long-term memory? - -By
manipulating semantics in the serial-position curve, there is an increase in
percent correctly recalled
Answers
Sensory memory - -the large-capacity storage system that records
information from each of the senses with reasonable accuracy
- Short-term memory - -the part of of memory that holds only the small
amount of information that a person is actively using. The more current term
for this type of memory is working memory
- Chunk - -a memory unit that consists of several components that are
strongly associated with one another
- Explain chunking in your own words. - -describes the basic unit in short-
term memory
- How might chunking help when studying for an exam or memorizing a
phone number? - -instead of trying learn an entire phone number or an
entire fact, we can learn certain parts, or chunks, to facilitate memorization
- Why might sensory memory be hard to prove? - -it is not observable, it is a
mental process
- differentiate between sensory memory and short-term memory - -sensory
memory: a storage system that records information from each of the senses
with reasonable accuracy, operates unconsciously
short-term memory: the memory system that is responsible for holding onto
a small amount of information that has been recently taken from the
environment, operates consciously (what isn't lost from sensory memory
moves onto short-term memory according the atkinson-shriffrin model)
- What is the duration of short-term memory? - -30 seconds (according to
the atkinson-shriffrin model)
- Brown/Peterson and Peterson Technique - -involves presenting
participants with some items that they are instructed to the distracting task.
After spending some time on the distracting task, participants are then asked
to recall the original items
- Rehearsal - -repeating items silently
- Serial-postion effect - -the U-shaped relationship between a word's
position in a list and its probability of recall
, - Recency Effect - -better recall for items at the end of a list
- Primacy effect - -enhanced recall for items at the beginning of the list
- Semanitics - -the meaning of words and sentences
- proactive interference - -people have trouble learning new material
because previously learned material keeps inferring with their new language
- release from proactive interference - -when old material no longer
interferes new material, possibly because of a change in semantics (Wickens
and colleagues)
- Information-processing approach - -one approach to cognition, arguing (a)
our mental processes are similar to the operations of a computer, and (b)
information progresses through our cognitive system in a series of stages,
one step at a time
- Atkinson-Shiffrin Model - -proposed that memory involves a sequence of
separate steps. in each step, information is transferred from one storage
area to another
- Control Processes - -intentional strategies (like rehearsal) that people may
use to improve their memory
- Differentiate between recency effect and the primacy effect - -Recency
effect: better recall for items at the end of a list
-deals with short-term memory
Primacy effect: enhanced recall for items at the beginning of the list
-by time of recall, information is transferred to long-term memory
- Scenario #1: you are a participant in an experiment testing short-term
memory and recall. The word that you are asked to recall is couch, but you
say sofa instead. Which effect error does this demonstrate? - -Within
categories error
-
- Scenario #2: you are a participant in an experiment testing short-term
memory and recall. The word that you are asked to recall is couch, but you
say slouch instead. Which effect error does this demonstrate? - -
Phonological error
- How can manipulating a specific part of a serial-position curve prove a
dissociation between working memory and long-term memory? - -By
manipulating semantics in the serial-position curve, there is an increase in
percent correctly recalled
