NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1
(Latest ) Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025 Rasmussen
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
a) Produce energy
b) Control movement of substances in and out of the cell
c) Store genetic material
d) Synthesize proteins
b) Control movement of substances in and out of the cell
The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, regulating the entry
and exit of substances to maintain homeostasis.
2. Which cellular organelle is responsible for ATP production?
a) Nucleus
b) Lysosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, generating ATP
through oxidative phosphorylation.
3. What is the main cause of cellular hypoxia?
a) Excessive oxygen supply
, b) Lack of oxygen supply
c) Increased glucose availability
d) Overproduction of ATP
b) Lack of oxygen supply
Hypoxia occurs when there is insufficient oxygen delivery to the
cells, impairing aerobic metabolism.
4. In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
a) G1 phase
b) S phase
c) G2 phase
d) M phase
b) S phase
During the S phase (synthesis phase), DNA is replicated in
preparation for cell division.
5. Which type of cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?
a) Hypertrophy
b) Hyperplasia
c) Metaplasia
d) Atrophy
a) Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is the enlargement of cells, leading to an increased
organ or tissue size.
6. What is the hallmark of reversible cell injury?
a) Nuclear dissolution
, b) Cell swelling
c) Cell death
d) DNA fragmentation
b) Cell swelling
Cell swelling due to failure of ion pumps is a characteristic of
reversible injury.
7. What process leads to programmed cell death?
a) Necrosis
b) Apoptosis
c) Autolysis
d) Pyroptosis
b) Apoptosis
Apoptosis is an orderly, energy-dependent process that removes
damaged or unnecessary cells.
8. Which of the following is an example of metaplasia?
a) Enlargement of muscle cells
b) Replacement of ciliated columnar epithelium with squamous epithelium
in the respiratory tract
c) Decrease in cell size due to disuse
d) Increase in number of cells
b) Replacement of ciliated columnar epithelium with squamous
epithelium in the respiratory tract
Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often as an adaptive response.
, 9. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with cardiac
arrhythmias?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypocalcemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hypomagnesemia
a) Hyperkalemia
Elevated potassium levels can disrupt cardiac conduction and
cause arrhythmias.
10.Which type of necrosis is characterized by a cheesy, white appearance in
tissues?
a) Coagulative necrosis
b) Liquefactive necrosis
c) Caseous necrosis
d) Fat necrosis
c) Caseous necrosis
Caseous necrosis is typical of tuberculosis infections and has a
cheese-like appearance.
11.What triggers the inflammatory response following tissue injury?
a) Activation of platelets only
b) Release of histamine and prostaglandins from damaged cells
c) Decrease in blood flow
d) Increase in oxygen delivery
b) Release of histamine and prostaglandins from damaged cells
(Latest ) Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025 Rasmussen
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
a) Produce energy
b) Control movement of substances in and out of the cell
c) Store genetic material
d) Synthesize proteins
b) Control movement of substances in and out of the cell
The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, regulating the entry
and exit of substances to maintain homeostasis.
2. Which cellular organelle is responsible for ATP production?
a) Nucleus
b) Lysosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, generating ATP
through oxidative phosphorylation.
3. What is the main cause of cellular hypoxia?
a) Excessive oxygen supply
, b) Lack of oxygen supply
c) Increased glucose availability
d) Overproduction of ATP
b) Lack of oxygen supply
Hypoxia occurs when there is insufficient oxygen delivery to the
cells, impairing aerobic metabolism.
4. In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
a) G1 phase
b) S phase
c) G2 phase
d) M phase
b) S phase
During the S phase (synthesis phase), DNA is replicated in
preparation for cell division.
5. Which type of cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?
a) Hypertrophy
b) Hyperplasia
c) Metaplasia
d) Atrophy
a) Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is the enlargement of cells, leading to an increased
organ or tissue size.
6. What is the hallmark of reversible cell injury?
a) Nuclear dissolution
, b) Cell swelling
c) Cell death
d) DNA fragmentation
b) Cell swelling
Cell swelling due to failure of ion pumps is a characteristic of
reversible injury.
7. What process leads to programmed cell death?
a) Necrosis
b) Apoptosis
c) Autolysis
d) Pyroptosis
b) Apoptosis
Apoptosis is an orderly, energy-dependent process that removes
damaged or unnecessary cells.
8. Which of the following is an example of metaplasia?
a) Enlargement of muscle cells
b) Replacement of ciliated columnar epithelium with squamous epithelium
in the respiratory tract
c) Decrease in cell size due to disuse
d) Increase in number of cells
b) Replacement of ciliated columnar epithelium with squamous
epithelium in the respiratory tract
Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often as an adaptive response.
, 9. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with cardiac
arrhythmias?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypocalcemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hypomagnesemia
a) Hyperkalemia
Elevated potassium levels can disrupt cardiac conduction and
cause arrhythmias.
10.Which type of necrosis is characterized by a cheesy, white appearance in
tissues?
a) Coagulative necrosis
b) Liquefactive necrosis
c) Caseous necrosis
d) Fat necrosis
c) Caseous necrosis
Caseous necrosis is typical of tuberculosis infections and has a
cheese-like appearance.
11.What triggers the inflammatory response following tissue injury?
a) Activation of platelets only
b) Release of histamine and prostaglandins from damaged cells
c) Decrease in blood flow
d) Increase in oxygen delivery
b) Release of histamine and prostaglandins from damaged cells
