EXP3604 Exam 1 |99 Questions and
Answers
Cognition - -Also known as mental activity
Describes the acquisition, storage, transformation, and use of knowledge
- Cognitive psychology - -A synonym for cognition
A theoretical approach to psychology, emphasizes people's mental processes
and their knowledge
- Cognitive approach - -Theoretical approach we take to solve a problem
Deals with mental processes and problem solving
Our thought processes affect how we behave
- Empirical evidence - -Gaining knowledge through senses
- Introspection - -Gaining knowledge through self-reflection
- Recency effect - -Our recall is especially accurate for final items in a series
of stimuli
- Behaviorism - -Only studied what is directly observed
Must focus on objective, observable reactions to stimuli in environment
Rejected Wundt
- Operational definition - -A definition that explains a construct and how it
could be measured
Observable, countable
- Gestalt psychology - -Tendency to make order of the world around us
Rejected Wundt and behaviorism
- Gestalt - -The whole is greater than smaller parts
- Information-processing approach - -Mental processing can be compared to
a computer
Mental processing can be interpreted as information progressing through a
series of stages one at a time
- Atkinson-Shiffrin model - -Encoded, stored, retrieved
Record things we want to remember as immediate but fleeing sensory
memory
Starts off with sensory memory -> short term memory -> long term memory
, In each step, information is transferred between short and long term
memory
- Sensory memory (1) - -Shortest-term memory
Retains impressions of information after sensory stimuli has ended
- Short-term memory - -Remembers and processes information at the same
time, can hold about 7 items in short-term memory at once
- Long-term memory - -Storage of information for a long period of time
Can store an unlimited amount of information for an indefinite period of time
- Ecological validity - -The extent to which an experiment extends to the
real world rather than a lab environment
- Wilhelm Wundt - -Father of structuralism, opened first psych lab in 1879 in
Germany
The brain could be broken down into structures
Looking inward, introspection
- Ebbinhaus - -Studied nonsense syllables, it takes less time to learn old lists
Forgetting curve: pattern of forgetting over time
- Mary Calkins - -Paired associated learning: how we learn new information
by linking it with old information
Recency and primary effect
- William James - -Functionalism
WHY we think, feel, etc
Emphasized human, active minds
Rejected structuralism, believed function is greated
- Frederic Bartlett - -Rejected Ebbinghaus
Memory is active and reconstructive
- Cognitive neuroscience - -How we explain phenomena based off brain
impulses
- Social cognitive neurosciences - -Understanding phenomena in
interactions between 3 levels of analysis: social, cognitive and neural
- Brain lesions - -Fancy word for brain damage
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) - -Shows what part of the brain
is active using radioactive dye which attaches to the blood, more active parts
of brain use more blood, shown in scan
Answers
Cognition - -Also known as mental activity
Describes the acquisition, storage, transformation, and use of knowledge
- Cognitive psychology - -A synonym for cognition
A theoretical approach to psychology, emphasizes people's mental processes
and their knowledge
- Cognitive approach - -Theoretical approach we take to solve a problem
Deals with mental processes and problem solving
Our thought processes affect how we behave
- Empirical evidence - -Gaining knowledge through senses
- Introspection - -Gaining knowledge through self-reflection
- Recency effect - -Our recall is especially accurate for final items in a series
of stimuli
- Behaviorism - -Only studied what is directly observed
Must focus on objective, observable reactions to stimuli in environment
Rejected Wundt
- Operational definition - -A definition that explains a construct and how it
could be measured
Observable, countable
- Gestalt psychology - -Tendency to make order of the world around us
Rejected Wundt and behaviorism
- Gestalt - -The whole is greater than smaller parts
- Information-processing approach - -Mental processing can be compared to
a computer
Mental processing can be interpreted as information progressing through a
series of stages one at a time
- Atkinson-Shiffrin model - -Encoded, stored, retrieved
Record things we want to remember as immediate but fleeing sensory
memory
Starts off with sensory memory -> short term memory -> long term memory
, In each step, information is transferred between short and long term
memory
- Sensory memory (1) - -Shortest-term memory
Retains impressions of information after sensory stimuli has ended
- Short-term memory - -Remembers and processes information at the same
time, can hold about 7 items in short-term memory at once
- Long-term memory - -Storage of information for a long period of time
Can store an unlimited amount of information for an indefinite period of time
- Ecological validity - -The extent to which an experiment extends to the
real world rather than a lab environment
- Wilhelm Wundt - -Father of structuralism, opened first psych lab in 1879 in
Germany
The brain could be broken down into structures
Looking inward, introspection
- Ebbinhaus - -Studied nonsense syllables, it takes less time to learn old lists
Forgetting curve: pattern of forgetting over time
- Mary Calkins - -Paired associated learning: how we learn new information
by linking it with old information
Recency and primary effect
- William James - -Functionalism
WHY we think, feel, etc
Emphasized human, active minds
Rejected structuralism, believed function is greated
- Frederic Bartlett - -Rejected Ebbinghaus
Memory is active and reconstructive
- Cognitive neuroscience - -How we explain phenomena based off brain
impulses
- Social cognitive neurosciences - -Understanding phenomena in
interactions between 3 levels of analysis: social, cognitive and neural
- Brain lesions - -Fancy word for brain damage
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) - -Shows what part of the brain
is active using radioactive dye which attaches to the blood, more active parts
of brain use more blood, shown in scan
