CSSD || with Complete Solution.
ATP correct answers energy currency of the cell
the fuel for all processes within cells requiring energy
Work correct answers This results from the ATP releasing energy and activating muscle
contraction through transferring the energy from ATP to the contractile elements in muscle (actin
and myosin).
ATP resynthesis correct answers -The metabolic process that results in the recombination of ADP
and Pi to form ATP.
-Can occur from CP (creatine phosphate) through the phosphagen system, anaerobic glycolysis
and aerobic metabolism.
Metabolic systems
1) PCr
2) Anaerobic glycolysis
3) Aerobic metabolism correct answers What works concurrently to provide energy for work?
Name them
exercise intensity
duration
level of training
composition of diet correct answers What are the factors that determine fuel source for exercise?
Glycogen
Plasma glucose
Intramuscular triglycerides
Plasma free fatty acids correct answers What are the four major fuel sources?
,ATP-phosphocreatine system correct answers -PC stored in skeletal muscle
-Key part of anaerobic system
-Needed during high intensity and explosive movements
-Rapid source of ATP but does not last more than a few seconds at a time
-PC --Creatine Kinase--> Cr + Pi + Energy (ATP
anaerobic glycolysis correct answers -only fuel source is glucose that comes from dietary intake
and stored glycogen
-Glucose used in the first few minutes of continuous, intense activity, in the absence of oxygen
-1,6-C glucose-->2,3C pyruvates --> lactate
-build up of lactate causes drop in muscle pH, reduces enzyme activity for glycolysis, causes
muscle fatigue, lactate enters cori cycle
Lactate correct answers -a 3-carbon compound produced from pyruvate during anaerobic
metabolism
-results in a drop in muscle pH
-reduces enzyme activity for glycolysis
-results in skeletal muscle fatigue
-enters the cori cycle
aerobic glycolysis correct answers -A metabolic pathway that requires oxygen to facilitate the
use of glycogen for energy (ATP)
-Also known as oxidative phosphorylation
-Predominates during most endurance exercise
-Oxidation of glucose results in the formation of acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen
-AcetylCoA condenses with oxaloacetate and enters the krebs cylce
,-krebs cycle produces hydrogen molecules which get transported to the ETC to generate ATP
Motor unit correct answers a single motor neuron (nerve) and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Muscle fiber correct answers -a single muscle cell, usually classified according to strength, speed
of contraction, and energy source
-contain smaller organelles such as mitochondria for aerobic metabolism and myofibrils in which
the sarcomere is the functional unit of the myofibrils and are responsible for contraction
Myofibrils correct answers Microscopic protein filaments that make up muscle cells.
Actin correct answers thin filaments in the myofibril
Myosin correct answers thick filament in the myofibril
Type 1 muscle fibers correct answers -slow-twitch, smaller and slower to produce maximal
tension, more resistant to fatigue.
-Aerobic endurance
-use carbohydrate and fat through aerobic energy during low intensity activity
Type 2 muscle fibers correct answers -fast-twitch, larger in size, quick to produce maximal
tension and fatigue more quickly
-In use during high-intensity, anaerobic work with poor capacity for aerobic endurance
-Subtypes are Types A, X, C
Cardiorespiratory System correct answers -works to control ventilation which includes
inspiration and expiration resulting in gas exchange (O2 and CO2) and metabolic waste removal.
, Increase correct answers Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and VO2 max ___________
with initiation of exercise, exercise intensity and training.
Hemoglobin correct answers -iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for
delivery to cells
-the molecule in the blood responsible for transport of oxygen to the working muscle
Myoglobin correct answers -accepts the exchange of oxygen from hemoglobin and delivers it to
the mitochondria for use in aerobic metabolism in the muscle
Hart Rate correct answers -Beats per minute
-Normal range 60-100 bpm
Tachycardia correct answers abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
Bradycardia correct answers slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm)
stroke volume correct answers The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
(one heart beat)
cardiac output correct answers -Heart rate x stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart
-exercise increases this and athletes have higher than sedentary individuals
-muscle demand for blood pumped increases during exercise from 15% at rest to 80%
VO2 max correct answers -measures maximal rate of oxygen consumption
-the maximal oxygen uptake.
-It is an important consideration for performance lasting more than a few minutes and can be
measured in an exercise physiology laboratory. It is considered the best measurement for
cardiovascular or aerobic fitness.
ATP correct answers energy currency of the cell
the fuel for all processes within cells requiring energy
Work correct answers This results from the ATP releasing energy and activating muscle
contraction through transferring the energy from ATP to the contractile elements in muscle (actin
and myosin).
ATP resynthesis correct answers -The metabolic process that results in the recombination of ADP
and Pi to form ATP.
-Can occur from CP (creatine phosphate) through the phosphagen system, anaerobic glycolysis
and aerobic metabolism.
Metabolic systems
1) PCr
2) Anaerobic glycolysis
3) Aerobic metabolism correct answers What works concurrently to provide energy for work?
Name them
exercise intensity
duration
level of training
composition of diet correct answers What are the factors that determine fuel source for exercise?
Glycogen
Plasma glucose
Intramuscular triglycerides
Plasma free fatty acids correct answers What are the four major fuel sources?
,ATP-phosphocreatine system correct answers -PC stored in skeletal muscle
-Key part of anaerobic system
-Needed during high intensity and explosive movements
-Rapid source of ATP but does not last more than a few seconds at a time
-PC --Creatine Kinase--> Cr + Pi + Energy (ATP
anaerobic glycolysis correct answers -only fuel source is glucose that comes from dietary intake
and stored glycogen
-Glucose used in the first few minutes of continuous, intense activity, in the absence of oxygen
-1,6-C glucose-->2,3C pyruvates --> lactate
-build up of lactate causes drop in muscle pH, reduces enzyme activity for glycolysis, causes
muscle fatigue, lactate enters cori cycle
Lactate correct answers -a 3-carbon compound produced from pyruvate during anaerobic
metabolism
-results in a drop in muscle pH
-reduces enzyme activity for glycolysis
-results in skeletal muscle fatigue
-enters the cori cycle
aerobic glycolysis correct answers -A metabolic pathway that requires oxygen to facilitate the
use of glycogen for energy (ATP)
-Also known as oxidative phosphorylation
-Predominates during most endurance exercise
-Oxidation of glucose results in the formation of acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen
-AcetylCoA condenses with oxaloacetate and enters the krebs cylce
,-krebs cycle produces hydrogen molecules which get transported to the ETC to generate ATP
Motor unit correct answers a single motor neuron (nerve) and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Muscle fiber correct answers -a single muscle cell, usually classified according to strength, speed
of contraction, and energy source
-contain smaller organelles such as mitochondria for aerobic metabolism and myofibrils in which
the sarcomere is the functional unit of the myofibrils and are responsible for contraction
Myofibrils correct answers Microscopic protein filaments that make up muscle cells.
Actin correct answers thin filaments in the myofibril
Myosin correct answers thick filament in the myofibril
Type 1 muscle fibers correct answers -slow-twitch, smaller and slower to produce maximal
tension, more resistant to fatigue.
-Aerobic endurance
-use carbohydrate and fat through aerobic energy during low intensity activity
Type 2 muscle fibers correct answers -fast-twitch, larger in size, quick to produce maximal
tension and fatigue more quickly
-In use during high-intensity, anaerobic work with poor capacity for aerobic endurance
-Subtypes are Types A, X, C
Cardiorespiratory System correct answers -works to control ventilation which includes
inspiration and expiration resulting in gas exchange (O2 and CO2) and metabolic waste removal.
, Increase correct answers Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and VO2 max ___________
with initiation of exercise, exercise intensity and training.
Hemoglobin correct answers -iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for
delivery to cells
-the molecule in the blood responsible for transport of oxygen to the working muscle
Myoglobin correct answers -accepts the exchange of oxygen from hemoglobin and delivers it to
the mitochondria for use in aerobic metabolism in the muscle
Hart Rate correct answers -Beats per minute
-Normal range 60-100 bpm
Tachycardia correct answers abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
Bradycardia correct answers slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm)
stroke volume correct answers The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
(one heart beat)
cardiac output correct answers -Heart rate x stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart
-exercise increases this and athletes have higher than sedentary individuals
-muscle demand for blood pumped increases during exercise from 15% at rest to 80%
VO2 max correct answers -measures maximal rate of oxygen consumption
-the maximal oxygen uptake.
-It is an important consideration for performance lasting more than a few minutes and can be
measured in an exercise physiology laboratory. It is considered the best measurement for
cardiovascular or aerobic fitness.
