MCPHS A&P Exam 4
Cell Bodies housing a nucleus
Is the part of the neuron that controls cell function
What is the junction between a neuron and any other cell?
Synapse
Gray matter consists of
Collections of nerve cell bodies in the CNS
White matter is made up of Axon bundles with myelination The part of the neuron that recieves
information
dendrites
What is the blood barrier created by?
astrocytes
What ion is needed to release a neurotransmitter from the synaptic vesicle
calcium
During the absolute refractory period, the cell
cannot be stimulated
what creates the myelin in the central nervous system
ogligodendrocytes
during the refractory period, the cell
responds only to excessively strong stimuli
an example of a circuit that involves two or more neurons synapsing with a single post-synaptic
neuron is a
convergent circuit
The myelin in the peripheral nervous system is created by
neurolemmocytes
Neurotransmitters are found stored in vesicles where
pre-synaptic terminal
What ion causes depolarization in neurons
sodium
What makes up the central nervous system
Cord of the spine and brain Two main types of cells in the nervous tissue
neurons and glial cells
Cranial nerves
originate from the brain; 12 pairs
Nerves in the spine originate from the spinal cord; 31 pairs
Ganglion
collection of neuron cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord
Plexus
extensive network of axons, and sometimes neuron cell bodies, located outside of the CNS
glial cells
, supportive cells with many functions
Functions of the nervous system
1. Maintaining homeostasis
2. Receiving sensory input
3. combining information 4. Controlling muscles and glands
5. Getting and keeping a mental activity going Motor division of the PNS
somatic and autonomic nervous system
Sensory receptors
detect stimuli; send input along nerves
sensory (afferent)
transmits action potentials from receptors to CNS
Motor (efferent)
transmits action potentials from CNS to effectors (muscles, glands)
Somatic nervous system
from CNS to skeletal muscles. Is voluntary; single neuron system
Autonomic nervous system
From CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands. Is involuntary; 2 neuron
system
Division of ANS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic and enteric
Sympathetic nervous system
prepares body for physical activity (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic nervous system
regulates resting functions like food digestion and bladder emptying (rest and digest) System of
nerves that enter Plexuses within the wall of the digestive tract
Neuron cell body (soma)
typical cell functions such as protein synthesis and house keeping; contain Nissl bodies (rough
ER)
Dendrites
dendritic spines are cell extensions that receive information from other neurons. They are
frequently short and highly branched. Axons
arises from axon hillock; part of a trigger zone where action potentials are generated; contains
axoplasm and axolemma; ends at the presynaptic terminal containing synaptic vesicles full of
neurotransmitter
How neurons are classified
functional and structural
Neuronal functional classification Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), interneurons (association
neurons)
structural classification of neurons
Multipolar, bipolar, pseudo-unipolar, anaxonic
Multipolar neurons
most neurons in CNS; motor neurons
Bipolar neurons
sensory in retina of the eye and nose
Cell Bodies housing a nucleus
Is the part of the neuron that controls cell function
What is the junction between a neuron and any other cell?
Synapse
Gray matter consists of
Collections of nerve cell bodies in the CNS
White matter is made up of Axon bundles with myelination The part of the neuron that recieves
information
dendrites
What is the blood barrier created by?
astrocytes
What ion is needed to release a neurotransmitter from the synaptic vesicle
calcium
During the absolute refractory period, the cell
cannot be stimulated
what creates the myelin in the central nervous system
ogligodendrocytes
during the refractory period, the cell
responds only to excessively strong stimuli
an example of a circuit that involves two or more neurons synapsing with a single post-synaptic
neuron is a
convergent circuit
The myelin in the peripheral nervous system is created by
neurolemmocytes
Neurotransmitters are found stored in vesicles where
pre-synaptic terminal
What ion causes depolarization in neurons
sodium
What makes up the central nervous system
Cord of the spine and brain Two main types of cells in the nervous tissue
neurons and glial cells
Cranial nerves
originate from the brain; 12 pairs
Nerves in the spine originate from the spinal cord; 31 pairs
Ganglion
collection of neuron cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord
Plexus
extensive network of axons, and sometimes neuron cell bodies, located outside of the CNS
glial cells
, supportive cells with many functions
Functions of the nervous system
1. Maintaining homeostasis
2. Receiving sensory input
3. combining information 4. Controlling muscles and glands
5. Getting and keeping a mental activity going Motor division of the PNS
somatic and autonomic nervous system
Sensory receptors
detect stimuli; send input along nerves
sensory (afferent)
transmits action potentials from receptors to CNS
Motor (efferent)
transmits action potentials from CNS to effectors (muscles, glands)
Somatic nervous system
from CNS to skeletal muscles. Is voluntary; single neuron system
Autonomic nervous system
From CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands. Is involuntary; 2 neuron
system
Division of ANS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic and enteric
Sympathetic nervous system
prepares body for physical activity (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic nervous system
regulates resting functions like food digestion and bladder emptying (rest and digest) System of
nerves that enter Plexuses within the wall of the digestive tract
Neuron cell body (soma)
typical cell functions such as protein synthesis and house keeping; contain Nissl bodies (rough
ER)
Dendrites
dendritic spines are cell extensions that receive information from other neurons. They are
frequently short and highly branched. Axons
arises from axon hillock; part of a trigger zone where action potentials are generated; contains
axoplasm and axolemma; ends at the presynaptic terminal containing synaptic vesicles full of
neurotransmitter
How neurons are classified
functional and structural
Neuronal functional classification Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), interneurons (association
neurons)
structural classification of neurons
Multipolar, bipolar, pseudo-unipolar, anaxonic
Multipolar neurons
most neurons in CNS; motor neurons
Bipolar neurons
sensory in retina of the eye and nose
