mcphs bio II final
____ and ____ control arousal and sleep - ANS-brainstem, cerebrum
____ play an essential role in the neuronal signaling - ANS-ions
____ supplies the central nervous system (CNS) with nutrients and hormones and removes
waste by circulating through the ventricles and central canal before draining into veins. _____
fibers rely on aerobic respiration - ANS-oxidative
_____ is an extension that transmits signals to other cells - ANS-axon
Axon bundles make up the _____ material, which is ANS-white. _____ mater primarily made up
of neuron cell bodies - ANS-grey
_____ receive signals from other neurons - ANS-dendrites
______ covers myosin binding sites along thin filament and prevents actin and myosin from
interacting (chain) - ANS-tropomyosin
________ cell axons form optic nerves that transmit action potentials from the eyes to the brain
- ANS-ganglionic
3 brain regions - ANS-forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
3 parts of brainstem - ANS-midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
3 roles of glia - ANS-nourish neurons, insulate neuron axes, regulate extracellular fluid
surrounding neurons
a behavior that reduces an animal's individual fitness but increases the fitness of other
individuals in the population (when parents sacrifice their own well being to help their children) -
ANS-altruism
a brownish red pigment that binds oxygen more tightly than hemoglobic - ANS-myoglobin
a control center which includes body's clock and thermostat and regulation of pituitary gland -
ANS-hypothalamus
ability to link one aspect of the environment to another - ANS-associative learning action
potentials propagate more rapidly in myelinated axons because the time consuming process of
opening and closing of ion channels occurs at a limited number of positions. this is called _____
- ANS-saltatory conduction
action potentials start at the ______ and move only toward _____ - ANS-axon hillock, synaptic
terminal
androgens - ANS-testosterone
ANS-classical conditioning involves the association of an arbitrary stimulus with a specific
outcome. at most synapses, chemical messengers called _____ pass information from
transmitting neuron to receiving cell - ANS-neurotransmitters
autonomic nervous system is generally involuntary and consists of ____ and _____ nervous
systems - ANS-sympathetic, parasympathetic
brain imaging reveals amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, shrinkage of brain tissue,
neuronal death - ANS-alzheimer's disease
bundles of thick and thin filaments that surround each muscle fiber nuclei - ANS-myofibrils
calcium binds to _____ indirectly exposing myosin binding sites on actin (key) - ANS-troponin
, capacity for nervous system to be remodeled, especially in response to its own activity -
ANS-neuronal plasticity
center for learning, emotion, memory, perception, controls muscle contraction - ANS-cerebrum
center of visual field where there are no rods but high density of cones - ANS-fovea
chambers called ____ and _____ allow humans to perceive position with respect to gravity or
linear movement - ANS-utricle, saccule
chemical odors or tastes emitted by animals as a means of communication - ANS-pheromones
circadian rhythm controlled by clustered neurons in _________, which form suprachiasmatic
nucleus - ANS-hypothalamus
cognitive activity of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of real
apparent obstacles - ANS-problem solving
consists of erectile tissue (female) - ANS-clitoris
constant magnitude, can regenerate, can spread along axons and transmit signals over long
distances - ANS-action potential
damage to the posterior portion of the left temporal lobe leaves patients with the ability to speak
but unable to comprehend language - ANS-wernicke's area
defects to this small region in the left frontal lobe leaves patients able to understand language
but unable to speak - ANS-broca's area
detect forms of electromagnetism (light) - ANS-electromagnetic receptors
detect head, cold, capsaicin - ANS-thermoreceptors
detect pain and trigger defensive reactions to pain - ANS-nociceptors
development of body organs (organogenesis) occurs during which trimester - ANS-first
development of mature eggs - ANS-oogenesis
developmentally fixed behaviors, where nearly all individuals in a population behave alike -
ANS-innate behavior
directs and has some independent control over digestion, pancreas and gallbladder -
ANS-enteric nervous system
do glycolytic or oxidative fibers fatigue more easily - ANS-glycolytic
do striated or smooth muscles contract/relax more quickly - ANS-striated
during ____ the inside of membrane becomes less negative - ANS-depolarization
during _____ the inside of membrane becomes more negative - ANS-hyperpolarization
during ejaculation, sperm are propelled through _______________, a muscular duct - ANS-vas
deferens
during ovulation, cilia help egg move down oviduct into _____ - ANS-uterus
during the first 2-4 weeks of pregnancy, embryo obtains nutrients from _______ -
ANS-endometrium
each branched end of an axon transmits information to another cell at a junction called a ___ -
ANS-synapse
embryonic hormone that maintains secretion of progesterone and estrogen from corpus luteum
through first few months of pregnancy - ANS-human chorionic gondadotropin
emotion depends on these parts of the limbic system - ANS-amygdala, hippocampus, parts of
thalamus
epithalamus includes _____, the source of melatonin - ANS-pineal gland
____ and ____ control arousal and sleep - ANS-brainstem, cerebrum
____ play an essential role in the neuronal signaling - ANS-ions
____ supplies the central nervous system (CNS) with nutrients and hormones and removes
waste by circulating through the ventricles and central canal before draining into veins. _____
fibers rely on aerobic respiration - ANS-oxidative
_____ is an extension that transmits signals to other cells - ANS-axon
Axon bundles make up the _____ material, which is ANS-white. _____ mater primarily made up
of neuron cell bodies - ANS-grey
_____ receive signals from other neurons - ANS-dendrites
______ covers myosin binding sites along thin filament and prevents actin and myosin from
interacting (chain) - ANS-tropomyosin
________ cell axons form optic nerves that transmit action potentials from the eyes to the brain
- ANS-ganglionic
3 brain regions - ANS-forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
3 parts of brainstem - ANS-midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
3 roles of glia - ANS-nourish neurons, insulate neuron axes, regulate extracellular fluid
surrounding neurons
a behavior that reduces an animal's individual fitness but increases the fitness of other
individuals in the population (when parents sacrifice their own well being to help their children) -
ANS-altruism
a brownish red pigment that binds oxygen more tightly than hemoglobic - ANS-myoglobin
a control center which includes body's clock and thermostat and regulation of pituitary gland -
ANS-hypothalamus
ability to link one aspect of the environment to another - ANS-associative learning action
potentials propagate more rapidly in myelinated axons because the time consuming process of
opening and closing of ion channels occurs at a limited number of positions. this is called _____
- ANS-saltatory conduction
action potentials start at the ______ and move only toward _____ - ANS-axon hillock, synaptic
terminal
androgens - ANS-testosterone
ANS-classical conditioning involves the association of an arbitrary stimulus with a specific
outcome. at most synapses, chemical messengers called _____ pass information from
transmitting neuron to receiving cell - ANS-neurotransmitters
autonomic nervous system is generally involuntary and consists of ____ and _____ nervous
systems - ANS-sympathetic, parasympathetic
brain imaging reveals amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, shrinkage of brain tissue,
neuronal death - ANS-alzheimer's disease
bundles of thick and thin filaments that surround each muscle fiber nuclei - ANS-myofibrils
calcium binds to _____ indirectly exposing myosin binding sites on actin (key) - ANS-troponin
, capacity for nervous system to be remodeled, especially in response to its own activity -
ANS-neuronal plasticity
center for learning, emotion, memory, perception, controls muscle contraction - ANS-cerebrum
center of visual field where there are no rods but high density of cones - ANS-fovea
chambers called ____ and _____ allow humans to perceive position with respect to gravity or
linear movement - ANS-utricle, saccule
chemical odors or tastes emitted by animals as a means of communication - ANS-pheromones
circadian rhythm controlled by clustered neurons in _________, which form suprachiasmatic
nucleus - ANS-hypothalamus
cognitive activity of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of real
apparent obstacles - ANS-problem solving
consists of erectile tissue (female) - ANS-clitoris
constant magnitude, can regenerate, can spread along axons and transmit signals over long
distances - ANS-action potential
damage to the posterior portion of the left temporal lobe leaves patients with the ability to speak
but unable to comprehend language - ANS-wernicke's area
defects to this small region in the left frontal lobe leaves patients able to understand language
but unable to speak - ANS-broca's area
detect forms of electromagnetism (light) - ANS-electromagnetic receptors
detect head, cold, capsaicin - ANS-thermoreceptors
detect pain and trigger defensive reactions to pain - ANS-nociceptors
development of body organs (organogenesis) occurs during which trimester - ANS-first
development of mature eggs - ANS-oogenesis
developmentally fixed behaviors, where nearly all individuals in a population behave alike -
ANS-innate behavior
directs and has some independent control over digestion, pancreas and gallbladder -
ANS-enteric nervous system
do glycolytic or oxidative fibers fatigue more easily - ANS-glycolytic
do striated or smooth muscles contract/relax more quickly - ANS-striated
during ____ the inside of membrane becomes less negative - ANS-depolarization
during _____ the inside of membrane becomes more negative - ANS-hyperpolarization
during ejaculation, sperm are propelled through _______________, a muscular duct - ANS-vas
deferens
during ovulation, cilia help egg move down oviduct into _____ - ANS-uterus
during the first 2-4 weeks of pregnancy, embryo obtains nutrients from _______ -
ANS-endometrium
each branched end of an axon transmits information to another cell at a junction called a ___ -
ANS-synapse
embryonic hormone that maintains secretion of progesterone and estrogen from corpus luteum
through first few months of pregnancy - ANS-human chorionic gondadotropin
emotion depends on these parts of the limbic system - ANS-amygdala, hippocampus, parts of
thalamus
epithalamus includes _____, the source of melatonin - ANS-pineal gland
