1. Which patient is likely to have the highest systolic blood pressure?
A) A 21-year-old male
B) A 50-year-old perimenopausal female
C) A 35-year-old with type 2 diabetes
D) A 75-year-old male
Explanation: Older adults tend to have higher systolic pressures due to vascular stiffening
and calcium buildup. Men, particularly elderly males, show a higher prevalence of
hypertension.
2. Mrs. Brandy is scheduled for a heart catheterization involving contrast dye. Which of the
following medications does not need to be discontinued beforehand?
A) Naproxen
B) Furosemide
C) Metformin
D) Losartan
Explanation: Naproxen and furosemide are typically stopped to reduce risks of renal
impairment and volume depletion. Metformin is discontinued to avoid lactic acidosis.
Losartan does not need to be stopped pre-procedure.
3. What are the three most common health conditions in older adults?
A) Hearing loss, vision problems, hypertension
B) Hearing loss, hypertension, arthritis
C) Depression, vision issues, hypertension
D) Arthritis, hearing loss, depression
Explanation: Hypertension and arthritis are among the most prevalent conditions in
elderly populations. Hearing loss, particularly presbycusis, is also very common.
4. Mr. Holbrook, 75 years old and a former smoker, shows hair loss on his lower legs during
a physical exam. What does this likely indicate?
A) A normal sign of aging
B) Possible peripheral artery disease (PAD)
C) An effect of starting exercise
D) A long-term consequence of smoking
Explanation: Absent lower leg hair can signal PAD. This finding should prompt further
evaluation, such as checking pulses or calculating an ankle-brachial index.
A) A 21-year-old male
B) A 50-year-old perimenopausal female
C) A 35-year-old with type 2 diabetes
D) A 75-year-old male
Explanation: Older adults tend to have higher systolic pressures due to vascular stiffening
and calcium buildup. Men, particularly elderly males, show a higher prevalence of
hypertension.
2. Mrs. Brandy is scheduled for a heart catheterization involving contrast dye. Which of the
following medications does not need to be discontinued beforehand?
A) Naproxen
B) Furosemide
C) Metformin
D) Losartan
Explanation: Naproxen and furosemide are typically stopped to reduce risks of renal
impairment and volume depletion. Metformin is discontinued to avoid lactic acidosis.
Losartan does not need to be stopped pre-procedure.
3. What are the three most common health conditions in older adults?
A) Hearing loss, vision problems, hypertension
B) Hearing loss, hypertension, arthritis
C) Depression, vision issues, hypertension
D) Arthritis, hearing loss, depression
Explanation: Hypertension and arthritis are among the most prevalent conditions in
elderly populations. Hearing loss, particularly presbycusis, is also very common.
4. Mr. Holbrook, 75 years old and a former smoker, shows hair loss on his lower legs during
a physical exam. What does this likely indicate?
A) A normal sign of aging
B) Possible peripheral artery disease (PAD)
C) An effect of starting exercise
D) A long-term consequence of smoking
Explanation: Absent lower leg hair can signal PAD. This finding should prompt further
evaluation, such as checking pulses or calculating an ankle-brachial index.
