Bioethics Chapters 1-6 Complete Accurate Questions and Answers A+ Pass

Bioethics Chapters 1-6 Complete Accurate Questions and Answers A+ Pass In what way was Mill different in his views on pleasure when compared with Bentham? - Mill did not view every pleasure as equal to one another. Classical utilitarian philosophers like Bentham, and their precursor, Epicurus, are often described as: - Hedonists One way to summarize the approach of the utilitarian philosophy is: - The best action is the one that increases pleasure for the greatest number of people. What does Epicurus mean when he talks about pleasure in Letter to Menoeceus? - The absence of pain in the body and of trouble in the soul What are the two sovereign masters of human beings, according to Bentham? - Pain and pleasure Which of the following is an example of an act that violates part of Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative, which guides his theory of Deontology: - Keeping slaves is a violation because one is using another as a means to an end. One of the guiding forces behind Immanuel Kant's Deontology was the idea of Natural Law. Natural Law states: - There is a right, and there is a wrong, and man must use reason to know the difference. Deontology, the 18th century philosophy of Immanuel Kant, is based on the idea that: - We are morally obligated, at times, to act in a certain way even though the outcome of our actions might not be good for everyone. Immanuel Kant's Deontology is often compared to Utilitarianism. The key difference between the two is: - Utilitarianism is the idea that actions that are most moral are the ones that create the most good for the most people. Deontology states that the most moral actions are the ones that create the most benefit for you, regardless of the drawbacks for others. A major criticism of Immanuel Kant's Deontology is: - It focuses too much on acts and not enough on outcomes. Who proposed the idea of prima facie duties? - W. D. Ross. According to Ross, what may be a better label for the prima facie than 'duties'? - Moral guidelines What is a prima facie duty? - A moral action that is required unless trumped by a greater obligation Ross' idea of prima facie was developed in response to the belief that the most moral duty was one that maximized utility. What is utility? - The most benefit for the most people What is a duty? - A moral obligation to act in a specific way Under the natural law theory, a law is only 'good' if it is what? - Moral Which legal theory is considered the opposite of natural law? - Legal positivism Which of the following natural law principles is often used to justify war? - Just war doctrine Which of the following is considered by natural law theorists to represent our purpose as humans? - To live a good life Natural law theory recognizes a connection between the law and what? - Morality To what domain did Rawls direct his views of justice? - The political domain A very brief way to sum up Rawls' approach to justice is the phrase: - Justice as fairness Which of the following is the best way to sum up the focus of Rawls' principles of justice? - Equal basic rights and fair opportunities Which of the following describes the veil of ignorance, as Rawls understands it? - A way of considering justice when you do not know what position you hold within the society Which of the following are unknown under the veil of ignorance in the original position? - All of the answers are correct According to libertarian principles, all of the following are true EXCEPT for which? - People who own greater shares are morally obligated to provide for those less fortunate Which of the following describes welfare-based principles? - Wealth is distributed according to need Which of the following distributive justice principles advocates for equal distribution rights and opportunities, but not income? - Difference principle Which of the following distributive justice patterns is most closely tied to capitalism? - Desert-based principles Which of the following distributive justice principles advocates for equal distribution of all resources? - Egalitarianism Which of these is not a branch of virtue ethics? - Rational individualism How does consequentialism judge morality? - By the consequences of an action What is the focus of virtue ethics? - Promoting moral character What are ethics? - Codes of moral behavior What do consequentialism and non-consequentialism have in common? - All of these are shared by consequentialism and non-consequentialism. The ethics of care is often described as: - Feminist ethics