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Samenvatting - ECG en Ritme BAZ

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Een volledige samenvatting voor de module BAZ (Basis Acute Zorg) & BIAZ (Basis Intensieve en Acute zorg) over het onderwerp Hartritme & ECG leer.

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Uploaded on
June 26, 2025
Number of pages
8
Written in
2022/2023
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Inhoud
ECG.........................................................................................................................................................1

Deflecties...........................................................................................................................................1

Hartas................................................................................................................................................2

Hypertrofie........................................................................................................................................2

Infarct................................................................................................................................................2




Bundeltakblokken..............................................................................................................................3

Pericarditis.........................................................................................................................................4

Ritme......................................................................................................................................................4

Begrippen en normaalwaarden.........................................................................................................4

Ectopie/premature complexen..........................................................................................................4

Sino-atriaal blok en sinusarrest.........................................................................................................5

Supraventriculaire ritmes..................................................................................................................5

Junction ritmes..................................................................................................................................6

Ventriculaire ritmes...........................................................................................................................7

AV-blokken........................................................................................................................................8

Pacemaker.........................................................................................................................................8

ECG
Deflecties
P-top: depolarisatie atria
- Positief in II
- Negatief in AVR
- Bifasisch in V1

PTa-segment: atria gedepolariseerd
- Vlakke lijn
- Geleiding door de AV-knoop

QRS-complex: depolarisatie ventrikels

, ST-segment: alle myocardcellen zijn gedepolariseerd

T-top: repolarisatie ventrikels
- Normaal positief, of in dezelfde richting als het QRS complex

U-golf: niet helemaal zeker waar deze voor staat
- Misschien na-repolarisatie

Hartas
Hartas bepalen met 2 of 3 afleidingen
I positief + aVF positief: intermediaire hartas
I negatief + aVF positief: rechter hartas
I negatief + aVF negatief: extreme hartas

I positief + aVF negatief + II negatief: linker hartas
I positief + aVF negatief + II positief: intermediaire hartas

Hypertrofie
Linkerventrikelhypertrofie (LVH)
Belangrijkste kenmerk op het ECG zijn hoge voltage in de QRS complexen. Voor verdenking LVH moet
het ECG aan minimaal één van de volgende criteria voldoen:
- S deflectie in V1 + R-top in V5 of V6 = >35 mm
- R-toppen aVL >12mm
- R-toppen I, II of II >20mm
- R-toppen V5 of V6 >26mm
Vaak wordt er ook een strain-patroon gezien:
- ST-depressie of elevatie
- Asymmetrische T-golf
- Holling/bolling in de glooing

Rechterventrikelhypertrofie (RVH)
ECG kenmerken:
- Rechter hartas
- R > S in V1
- Diepe S in laterale afleidingen (I, aVL, V5 en V6)
- Strain patroon
- Er kan sprake zijn van een compleet of incompleet RBTB-patroon zijn

Aanbevelingen: echo, vergelijken met oud ECG, arts waarschuwen, lab en vitale functies

Infarct
ECG kenmerken:
- ST-elevatie in twee of meer afleidingen die naar een stroomgebied kijken
- Negatieve T-toppen
- Reciperoke ST-depressies in tegenovergestelde afleidingen = ischemie

Infarctgebieden
Voorwand infarct – anterior
- Elevatie in V3 en V4
- Reciproke depressie in onderwand (inferior)
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