SCI225 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM 2025
LATEST PRACTICE QUESTION WITH ANSWERS (50
QUESTIONS) NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE
When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the
nurse remembers this disease is an example of:
A. autoimmunity
B. alloimmunity
C. homoimmunity
D. alleimmunity
SLE is the most common, complex, and serious of the autoimmune disorders. SLE
is not identified as alloimmune, homoimmune, or alleimmune.
When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction,
the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity
reaction is:
A. urticaria
B. hives
C. anaphylaxis
D. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
The most rapid and severe immediate hypersensitivity type I reaction is
anaphylaxis.
,Urticaria, or hives, is a dermal (skin) manifestation of allergic reactions. Hives and
urticaria are similar responses. ADCC is a mechanism that involves natural killer
(NK) cells. Antibodies on the target cell are recognized by Fc receptors on the NK
cells, which release toxic substances that destroy the target cell.
A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer
development. What is the best example the nurse should give?
A. Pneumonia and lung cancer
B. Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer
C. Prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer
D. Hypercholesterolemia and leukemia
Individuals with a 10+ year history of ulcerative colitis have a 30-fold increase in
developing colon cancer. There is no relationship between pneumonia and lung
cancer; between prostatic hypertrophy and cancer of the prostate; and between
hypercholesterolemia and leukemia.
A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus. After 2 months,
the virus is still active. Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following
cancers is most likely to develop in this patient?
A. B-cell lymphoma
B. Kaposi sarcoma
, C. T-cell leukemia
D. I-cell lipoma
Epstein-Barr virus is associated with B-cell lymphoma. Kaposi sarcoma is
associated with HIV. Retroviruses are associated with leukemia. Lipomas are not
associated with HIV.
A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell
origin. What is the nurse describing?
A. Tumor in differentiation
B. Dysplastic
C. Cancer in situ
D. Cancer beyond (meta) situ
Early-stage growths that are localized to the epithelium and have not invaded are
called . cancer in situ. Cancer in situ is early-stage growth and not a tumor in
differentiation but is more mature growth. Dysplastic cells do not define cancer in
situ.
An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of the
following is the oncologist describing?
A. Autonomy
LATEST PRACTICE QUESTION WITH ANSWERS (50
QUESTIONS) NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE
When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the
nurse remembers this disease is an example of:
A. autoimmunity
B. alloimmunity
C. homoimmunity
D. alleimmunity
SLE is the most common, complex, and serious of the autoimmune disorders. SLE
is not identified as alloimmune, homoimmune, or alleimmune.
When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction,
the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity
reaction is:
A. urticaria
B. hives
C. anaphylaxis
D. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
The most rapid and severe immediate hypersensitivity type I reaction is
anaphylaxis.
,Urticaria, or hives, is a dermal (skin) manifestation of allergic reactions. Hives and
urticaria are similar responses. ADCC is a mechanism that involves natural killer
(NK) cells. Antibodies on the target cell are recognized by Fc receptors on the NK
cells, which release toxic substances that destroy the target cell.
A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer
development. What is the best example the nurse should give?
A. Pneumonia and lung cancer
B. Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer
C. Prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer
D. Hypercholesterolemia and leukemia
Individuals with a 10+ year history of ulcerative colitis have a 30-fold increase in
developing colon cancer. There is no relationship between pneumonia and lung
cancer; between prostatic hypertrophy and cancer of the prostate; and between
hypercholesterolemia and leukemia.
A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus. After 2 months,
the virus is still active. Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following
cancers is most likely to develop in this patient?
A. B-cell lymphoma
B. Kaposi sarcoma
, C. T-cell leukemia
D. I-cell lipoma
Epstein-Barr virus is associated with B-cell lymphoma. Kaposi sarcoma is
associated with HIV. Retroviruses are associated with leukemia. Lipomas are not
associated with HIV.
A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell
origin. What is the nurse describing?
A. Tumor in differentiation
B. Dysplastic
C. Cancer in situ
D. Cancer beyond (meta) situ
Early-stage growths that are localized to the epithelium and have not invaded are
called . cancer in situ. Cancer in situ is early-stage growth and not a tumor in
differentiation but is more mature growth. Dysplastic cells do not define cancer in
situ.
An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of the
following is the oncologist describing?
A. Autonomy
