WW1 Unit One (1914 -1918)
Trench Warfare: Trenches were dug on either side on flat ground. Most attacks were at night,
and the soldiers had to deal with trench foot, rats, and live gas masks. Christmas Truce was
when the trenches of the British and the German underwent an unofficial ceasefire.
Xenophobia: Fear of foreigners, especially those with German and Austrian-Hungarian
heritage.
League of Nations: A major group of alliances, which was a part of Woodrow Wilson’s 14-point
plan of peace. It is a part of the Treaty of Versailles, and the idea was that if one country was
attacked all nations would go against the attacker. It did not work as it was hard to impose
punishments.
U-Boat: German submarines that would disrupt the Allies, and they had a policy which would
attack any ship without warning, this including the sinking of the Lusitania would make the US
join WW2.
Sam Hughes: Minister of the Militia, leader of Camp Valcartier, but the Ross Rifle was jammed
causing issues in battle.
Triple Entente: Was the Russian, French and British alliance in ww1. They were the victors of the
war.
Ypres: Germany, Canada and France, in Belgium. Germans attacked with Chlorine gas, (first
gas attack in history) it lasted 3 weeks and after this battle Colonel John McCreas composed
“Flanders Fields”.
Lusitania: It was a British ocean liner which was sunk by the Germans, killing about 128 people.
This event caused America to join the Triple Entente powers, changing the dynamics of the war.
Primary Source: A direct source of information , like writings of artifacts. Used by historians to
gain perspective.
Vimy: It was the Canadians vs the Germans, where Canada attacked with the Creeping
Barrage, and they took over 4,000 prisoners. Canada’s greatest victory as it gave Canada a
seat at the peace talks and it was where Canada was born as an independent nation. One of
the divisions was led by General Arthur Currie who was knighted and promoted.
,War Measures Act: Declared by Robert Borden and gave the federal government control over
transportation, manufacturing and censorship. It gave them permission to arrest, detain and
deport people without charges or treason and to seize private property.
Tom Longboat: From the Six Nations reserve, was a long-distance runner and served as a
courier in WW1. A courier is someone who delivers messages from trenches.
Passchendaele: It was the Germans vs Britain and Canada. The objective was to capture
German submarine bases on the Belgian coast, and while they were able to take
Passchendaele, many men drowned in the mud, including 16000 Canadians. The Canadians
saved the battle and achieved a major victory, earning a great reputation.
Robert Borden: Prime Minister of Canada, led Canada during WW1, and known for giving
Canada autonomy from Britain. He introduced the Military Voters Act, which allowed soldiers
to vote from overseas, and the WarTime Election Act, which gave the right for women related to
soldiers to vote, but excluded people born from “enemy countries”.
Triple Alliance: An Alliance between Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary. Would protect the
other nation if it got attacked.
Military Voters Act 1917: Introduced by Robert Borden and allowed soldiers from overseas to
vote. He did this so he could introduce conscription and win the 1917 elections.
Arthur Currie: Leader of divisions in battles such as Vimy and Passchendaele. Because of Vimy,
Currie was knighted and Promoted (commander of the Canadian corps). He used tactics like
the Creeping Barrage.
Francis Pegahmagabow: Ojibway First Nation soldier, the most highly decorated soldier for
bravery and an effective sniper of WW1. Three times awarded the Military Medal and seriously
wounded, he was an expert marksman scout.
Wartime Elections Act 1917: Introduced by Robert Borden and which gave the right for women
related to soldiers to vote, but excluded people born from “enemy countries”. He did this so he
could introduce conscription and win the 1917 elections as he knew women related to men
overseas would encourage conscription.
Secondary Source: Secondary sources analyze, interpret, or summarize primary sources and
they give second-hand accounts of these sources. This includes documentaries and
Encyclopedias.
, Creeping Barrage: It was an artillery tactic in WW1, where the artillery would attack in stages,
making gradual advancements, with the aim to reduce casualties and tire the opponent.
Propaganda: It is an attempt to enforce a political agenda against a people. The most effective
method was Propaganda posters.
Treaty of Versailles: A treaty proposed by Woodrow Wilson which included the War Guilt
Clause. 6.6 Billion was paid in repreution.
14 Points: A set of rules of peace to end World War 1 by Woodrow Wilson.
Concepts of Historical Thinking included:
- Historical Significance, understanding why an event is historically important, and what
was the aftermath of it, what changes it made and how impactful were they.
- Historical Perspective: Understanding the viewpoint of the general society and how they
perceived certain topics (such as women's rights, indigenous rights, etc)
- Continuity and Change: What in this event is still continuing to this day, and what
aspects of this event changed.
- Cause and Consequence: What caused this event to occur, what was leading up to it
and what were the consequences after this event.
The Spark and Causes of WW1:
- Militarism: It is the commitment of nations to develop military weapons to have more
dominance. This can look like the major naval race between Germany and Britain, as
they both desired the strongest navy to dominante Europe.
- A: Alliances, Otto Von Bismarck, chancellor of Germany prior to 1900 highlighted the
importance of Alliances in Europe. Triple Entente: Britain, France and Russia. Triple
alliance: Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary.
- I: Imperialism Britain was the most successful in this. Major countries desired new
colonies for wealth, power and influence.
- N: Nationalism was in the increased pride in one’s country as it fueled rivalry between
nations
- The spark: On June 28 1914, A group of nationalistic Serbs named The Black Hand who
did not like Austria-Hungary plotted to kill the ArchDuke Francis Ferdinant who was the
Prince of AH. AH turned to Germany for support and Germany offered its full support
through the “Blank Cheque”
Schlieffen Plan:
Trench Warfare: Trenches were dug on either side on flat ground. Most attacks were at night,
and the soldiers had to deal with trench foot, rats, and live gas masks. Christmas Truce was
when the trenches of the British and the German underwent an unofficial ceasefire.
Xenophobia: Fear of foreigners, especially those with German and Austrian-Hungarian
heritage.
League of Nations: A major group of alliances, which was a part of Woodrow Wilson’s 14-point
plan of peace. It is a part of the Treaty of Versailles, and the idea was that if one country was
attacked all nations would go against the attacker. It did not work as it was hard to impose
punishments.
U-Boat: German submarines that would disrupt the Allies, and they had a policy which would
attack any ship without warning, this including the sinking of the Lusitania would make the US
join WW2.
Sam Hughes: Minister of the Militia, leader of Camp Valcartier, but the Ross Rifle was jammed
causing issues in battle.
Triple Entente: Was the Russian, French and British alliance in ww1. They were the victors of the
war.
Ypres: Germany, Canada and France, in Belgium. Germans attacked with Chlorine gas, (first
gas attack in history) it lasted 3 weeks and after this battle Colonel John McCreas composed
“Flanders Fields”.
Lusitania: It was a British ocean liner which was sunk by the Germans, killing about 128 people.
This event caused America to join the Triple Entente powers, changing the dynamics of the war.
Primary Source: A direct source of information , like writings of artifacts. Used by historians to
gain perspective.
Vimy: It was the Canadians vs the Germans, where Canada attacked with the Creeping
Barrage, and they took over 4,000 prisoners. Canada’s greatest victory as it gave Canada a
seat at the peace talks and it was where Canada was born as an independent nation. One of
the divisions was led by General Arthur Currie who was knighted and promoted.
,War Measures Act: Declared by Robert Borden and gave the federal government control over
transportation, manufacturing and censorship. It gave them permission to arrest, detain and
deport people without charges or treason and to seize private property.
Tom Longboat: From the Six Nations reserve, was a long-distance runner and served as a
courier in WW1. A courier is someone who delivers messages from trenches.
Passchendaele: It was the Germans vs Britain and Canada. The objective was to capture
German submarine bases on the Belgian coast, and while they were able to take
Passchendaele, many men drowned in the mud, including 16000 Canadians. The Canadians
saved the battle and achieved a major victory, earning a great reputation.
Robert Borden: Prime Minister of Canada, led Canada during WW1, and known for giving
Canada autonomy from Britain. He introduced the Military Voters Act, which allowed soldiers
to vote from overseas, and the WarTime Election Act, which gave the right for women related to
soldiers to vote, but excluded people born from “enemy countries”.
Triple Alliance: An Alliance between Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary. Would protect the
other nation if it got attacked.
Military Voters Act 1917: Introduced by Robert Borden and allowed soldiers from overseas to
vote. He did this so he could introduce conscription and win the 1917 elections.
Arthur Currie: Leader of divisions in battles such as Vimy and Passchendaele. Because of Vimy,
Currie was knighted and Promoted (commander of the Canadian corps). He used tactics like
the Creeping Barrage.
Francis Pegahmagabow: Ojibway First Nation soldier, the most highly decorated soldier for
bravery and an effective sniper of WW1. Three times awarded the Military Medal and seriously
wounded, he was an expert marksman scout.
Wartime Elections Act 1917: Introduced by Robert Borden and which gave the right for women
related to soldiers to vote, but excluded people born from “enemy countries”. He did this so he
could introduce conscription and win the 1917 elections as he knew women related to men
overseas would encourage conscription.
Secondary Source: Secondary sources analyze, interpret, or summarize primary sources and
they give second-hand accounts of these sources. This includes documentaries and
Encyclopedias.
, Creeping Barrage: It was an artillery tactic in WW1, where the artillery would attack in stages,
making gradual advancements, with the aim to reduce casualties and tire the opponent.
Propaganda: It is an attempt to enforce a political agenda against a people. The most effective
method was Propaganda posters.
Treaty of Versailles: A treaty proposed by Woodrow Wilson which included the War Guilt
Clause. 6.6 Billion was paid in repreution.
14 Points: A set of rules of peace to end World War 1 by Woodrow Wilson.
Concepts of Historical Thinking included:
- Historical Significance, understanding why an event is historically important, and what
was the aftermath of it, what changes it made and how impactful were they.
- Historical Perspective: Understanding the viewpoint of the general society and how they
perceived certain topics (such as women's rights, indigenous rights, etc)
- Continuity and Change: What in this event is still continuing to this day, and what
aspects of this event changed.
- Cause and Consequence: What caused this event to occur, what was leading up to it
and what were the consequences after this event.
The Spark and Causes of WW1:
- Militarism: It is the commitment of nations to develop military weapons to have more
dominance. This can look like the major naval race between Germany and Britain, as
they both desired the strongest navy to dominante Europe.
- A: Alliances, Otto Von Bismarck, chancellor of Germany prior to 1900 highlighted the
importance of Alliances in Europe. Triple Entente: Britain, France and Russia. Triple
alliance: Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary.
- I: Imperialism Britain was the most successful in this. Major countries desired new
colonies for wealth, power and influence.
- N: Nationalism was in the increased pride in one’s country as it fueled rivalry between
nations
- The spark: On June 28 1914, A group of nationalistic Serbs named The Black Hand who
did not like Austria-Hungary plotted to kill the ArchDuke Francis Ferdinant who was the
Prince of AH. AH turned to Germany for support and Germany offered its full support
through the “Blank Cheque”
Schlieffen Plan:
