3. environmental factors such as fresh air, drinking, water, cleanliness, and light contribute to
good health and recovery. the absence of these can lead to illness and poor health
4. a nurse can act to modify the environment and influence patient outcome
Grand nursing theories - offer a general orientation of philosophical stance about nursing. can
be applied in most nursing situations
Health concept of Metaparadigm - Subjective term determined by each person or community
includes physical, psychosocial, relational, and spiritual aspects of individual
across a lifespan, an individual's expectations and definitions of health changed
History and purpose of theory development in nursing - England in the 1800s - poor,
uneducated women tended to the needs of people in their homes, called nurses or governess.
job was viewed as undesirable and formal training & education was unnecessary
urbanization * industrialization in 19th century resulted in women seeking paid employment,
nursing became more acceptable. formal education in nursing allowed women to gain
knowledge in anatomy, elimination and reproduction
Hypotheses - specific statements used by researchers to predict a relationship between or
among variables. Serve as a link or bridge between theory and research and are used to test
theory
Meta-theory - broad issued related to theory, theory about theory - ex: analyze purpose & type
of theory needed in nursing and propose criteria for evaluating theory in nursing
Metaparadigm - set of concepts or ideas that is important to the discipline of nursing. Includes
concepts that are central or core to nursing: person, health, nursing, environment, and social
justice