N441 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

N441 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERSEpidemiology - ANSWER The study of the disruption of disease and injury in human populations - Includes the examination of factors that affect the health and illness of populations What are the goals of epidemiology? (3) - ANSWER 1) determine the scale and nature of human health problems 2) identify solutions to prevent disease 3) improve the health of the entire population 3 Epidemiology Elements - ANSWER Person: which groups of individuals are affected? Place: where is the health issue occurring Time: over what specific time period is the health issue occurring? *need to have all 3 to have an issue Epidemiology Era: - ANSWER Sanitary statistics phase Epidemiology Era: - ANSWER Infectious disease phase - antibiotics and vaccines brought us in to the next phase Epidemiology Era: - ANSWER Risk factor/chronic disease phase Epidemiology Era: current - ANSWER Ecological model/eco-epidemiology What makes up the Epi Triangle? - ANSWER Host Agent Environment N441 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS Page 2 of 13 Influenced by: immutable factors acquired factors variable factors Host: describe immutable factors - ANSWER age, race, genetic makeup (cannot change) Host: describe acquired factors - ANSWER something acquired that gives immunity (e.g. vaccines) Host: describe variable factors - ANSWER lifestyle, sleep, exercise level, nutrition, health knowledge, motivation for achieving optimal wellness Describe the agent - ANSWER a factor whose presence or absence causes a disease or health problem Agent: biological - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, worms, and insects Agent: chemical - ANSWER liquids, solids, gases, dust, or fumes Agent: nutrient - ANSWER dietary components (excess or deficit) Agent: physical - ANSWER mechanical forces or frictions that cause injury, material forces, atmospheric forces, or geologic forces Agent: psychological - ANSWER events or conditions that produce that leading to health problems Describe the environment - ANSWER all of the external factors that can influence the host's vulnerability to the risk factors related to the disease Environment: biologic - ANSWER Reservoirs - storage sites for diseasecausing agents Describe the host - ANSWER the susceptible human or animal Page 3 of 13 Environment: physical - ANSWER the geological structure of an area and availability of resources such as water and flora Environment: social - ANSWER e.g. distribution of population, cultural, technological, health care availability, educational, political, demographic, economic, legal Determining whether a cause-and-effect relationship exists between a risk factor and a health event - ANSWER causality Correlation between increase or decrease of risk factor and health event - ANSWER association What is the chain of causation? (6) - ANSWER 1) etiological agent: causes disease 2) reservoir: where the agent can live and multiply; can be a human, animal, environment 3) portal of exit: how agent gets out of the reservoir