1
SOLUTION MANUAL
zz
American Government: Political
zz zz
Development and Institutional Change
zz zz zz
12thEditionbyCalJillson,AllChapters1-16
z z z z z z z z z
, 2
TABLE zzOF zzCONTENTS
1. Chapter zz1 zzThe zzOrigins zzof zzAmerican zzPolitical zzPrinciples
2. Chapter zz2 zzThe zzRevolution zzand zzthe zzConstitution
3. Chapter zz3 zzFederalism zzand zzAmerican zzPolitical zzDevelopment
4. Chapter zz4 zzPolitical zzSocialization zzand zzPublic zzOpinion
5. Chapter zz5 zzThe zzMass zzMedia zzand zzthe zzPolitical zzAgenda
6. Chapter zz6 zzInterest zzGroups: zzThe zzPolitics zzof zzInfluence
7. Chapter zz7 zzPolitical zzParties: zzWinning zzthe zzRight zzto zzGovern
8. Chapter zz8 zzVoting, zzCampaigns, zzand zzElections
9. Chapter zz9 zzCongress: zzPartisanship, zzPolarization, zzand zzGridlock
10. Chapter zz10 zzThe zzPresident: zzExecutive zzPower zzin zza zzSeparation zzof zz Powers zzRegime
11. Chapter zz11 zzBureaucracy: zzRedesigning zzGovernment zzfor zzthe zzTwenty-First zzCentury
12. Chapter zz12 zzThe zzFederal zzCourts: zzActivism zzversus zzRestraint
13. Chapter zz13 zzCivil zzLiberties: zzOrdered zzLiberty zzin zzAmerica
14. Chapter zz14 zzCivil zzRights: zzWhere zzLiberty zzand zzEquality zzCollide
15. Chapter zz15 zzGovernment, zzThe zzEconomy, zzand zzDomestic zzPolicy
16. Chapter zz16 zzAmerica’s zzGlobal zzRole zzin zzthe zzTwenty-First zzCentury
, 3
Chapter zz1
THE zzORIGINS zzOF zzAMERICAN zzPOLITICAL zzPRINCIPLES
FOCUS zzQUESTIONS
Q1 What zzare zzthe zzbroad zzpurposes zzof zzgovernment?
A1 The zzancients zzbelieved zzthe zzrole zzof zzgovernment zzand zzpolitics zzwas zzto zzfoster
zzhuman z z excellence. zzHowever, zzit zzis zzimperative zzto zzremember zzthat zzthe
zzGreeks zzand zzRomans z z believed zzthe zzvirtuous zzshould zzrule zzaccording zzto
zznatural zzlaw. zzFurthermore, zzvaluesof z z equality zzand zzorder zzwould zzbe zzserved
zzthrough zza zzsociety zzbased zzupon zzthe zzrule zzoflaw zzto z z provide zzfor zzthe
zzcommon zzgood. zzIn zzthe zzMiddle zzAges, zzgovernment zzwas zz largely zzused z z to
zzfacilitate zzreligion zzand zzmaintained zzthe zzneed zzfor zzthe zzindividual zzto zz live zza
zzproper zzlife z z in zzthe zzservice zzof zzGod. zzThe zzrole zzof zzgovernment zzchanged zzin
zzthe zz early zzsixteenth z z century zzby zzdownplaying zzthe zzrole zzof zzreligion zzwhile
zzalternatively zz promoting zzthe zzrole z z of zzlimited zzgovernment zzto zzprotect
zzprivate zzproperty zzand zz individual zzrights.
Q2 How zzshould zzgovernment zzbe zzdesigned zzto zzachieve zzits zzpurposes?
A2 According zzto zzPlato zzthe zzphilosopher-king’s zzwisdom zzand zzintellect zzwould
zzpromote z z order, zzstability zzand zzjustice. zzYet, zzAristotle zztakes zza zzmore zzrealistic
zzview zzof zzAthenian z z society zzby zzadvocating zzthe zzbest zzform zzof zzgovernment
zzas zza zzpolity, zzwhich zzcombined z z oligarchic zzand zzdemocratic zzelements zzto
zzproduce zzpolitical zzstability. zzThe zzRomans z z combined zzmonarchical, zzaristocratic,
zzand zzdemocratic zzprinciples zzas zza zzmixed z z government zzwithin zzrepresentative
zzbodies zzlike zzthe zzSenate zzand zzthe zzAssembly zzin zz order z z to zzchampion zzthe
zzcauses zzof zzboth zzthe zzrich zzand zzthe zzpoor. zzGovernment zzin zztheMiddle z z Ages
zzwas zzdetermined zzthrough zzdivine zzright, zzwhereby zza zzmonarch zzor zzPope zz was
z z ordained zzby zzGod zzto zzrule. zzHence, zzwisdom zzand zzvirtue zzrested zzwithin zzthese
zzfew z z individuals zzwho zzgoverned zzto zzpromote zzreligious zzlife zzand zzprotect zzthe
zzreligious z z establishment. zzThe zzRenaissance, zzProtestant zzReformation, zzand
zzEnlightenment z z Periods zzshifted zzthe zzrole zzof zzgovernment zzfrom zzupholding
zzreligious zzdoctrine zzto zz secular z z concerns, zzsuch zzas zzprotecting zzinalienable
zzrights, zzincluding zzprivate zz property, zzand z z promoting zzcommerce. zzIn zzturn,
zzEnlightenment zzpolitical
© zz2023 zzTaylor zz& zzFrancis
, 4
philosophers zzlargely zzappealed zzto zzindividualism zzand zznot zzreligious zzhierarchy
zzas zzameans z z to zzprovide zzorder zzand zzstability zzin zzwhich zzindividuals zzcould
zzflourish.
Q3 What zzlessons zzabout zzgovernment zzdid zzcolonial zzAmericans zzdraw zzfrom zzthe
zzhistory zzofancient zzGreece zz and z z Rome?
A3 Plato zzwas zzsuspicious zzof zzdemocracy’s zzrule zzof zzthe zzmany zz because zzgood
zzgovernment z z would zzdecay zzinto zzmob zzrule. zzHence, zzthe zzpassions zzof zzthe
zzmasses zzneeded zzto zzbe zz quelled z z by zzmore zzaristocratic zzelements. zzWith zzthis
zzproblem zzin zzmind, zzthe zzFramers zzofthe zzU.S. z z Constitution zzreferenced zzthe
zzinstitutional zzdesign zzof zzthe zzRoman zzrepublic zzadhered zzto z z the zztradition zzof
zzmixed zzgovernment zzinitially zzexpounded zzby zzAristotle zz and zzthe zzRomans. z z This
zzwas zzmaintained zzin zzthe zzindirect zzselection zzof zzboth zzthe zzSenateand zzthe
zzpresidency z z within zzthe zzConstitution. zzAristotle zzalso zzadvocated zzmixing
zz aristocratic zzand zzdemocratic z z elements zzin zza zzgoverning zzstructure zzcalled zza
zzpolity. zzIn zzeffect, zzthis zzgovernmental zzdesign z z allowed zzthe zzfew zzand zzthe
zzmany zzto zzparticipate zzin zzthe zzpolitics zzproviding zzan zzorderly z z society zzwhere
zzthe zzpoor zzshould zzbe zzable zzto zzselect zz government zzofficials zzwho zzwere zzheld
z z accountable. zzThis zzwas zzalso zzmade zzmanifest zzinthe zzConstitution zzwith zzits
zzaristocratic-like z z Senate zzand zzthe zzmore zzdemocratic zzHouse zz of
zzRepresentatives. zzThus zzthe zzAmerican z z republic’s zzConstitution zzestablished
zz institutional zzpowers zzto zzgovern zzaccording zzto zzthe z z rule zzof zzlaw. zzWhile zzthe
zzFramers zzrejected zzthe zzreligious zzhierarchy zzof zzthe zzMiddle zzAges, z z they
zzappealed zzto zzinalienable zzrights zzendowed zzupon zzevery zzindividual zzby zzGod,
zzper zzthe z z writings zzof zzJohn zzLocke, zzin zzwhich zza zzjust zzgovernment zzand zzsociety
zzcould zznot zzbe z z impeded.
Q4 What zzcircumstances zzled zzEuropeans zzto zzleave zztheir zzhomelands zzto zzsettle zzin zzAmerica?
A4 Individuals zzimmigrated zzto zzthe zzcolonies zzto zzescape zzreligious zzpersecution zzand
zzcivil z z unrest zzafter zzthe zzEnglish zzCivil zzWar zzand zzto zzpursue zzsocial zzand
zzeconomic zz opportunities. z z Colonists zzenjoyed zza zzvast zzarray zzof zznatural
zzresources zzand zza zzlarge zz geographical zzarea z z where zzfreedom zzof zzreligion
zzand zzeconomic zzopportunity zz flourished. zzAlso, zztheir z z heterogeneous zzsocial
zzcomposition zzas zzwell zzas zzcontinual zz promotion zzof zzideals, zzsuch zzas z z equality
zzand zztolerance, zztended zzto zzpromote zzpolitical zzfreedom zzat zzthe zzsame zztime zzthat
z z social zzexpansion zzof zzthe zzpopulation zzwas zzoccurring.
Q5 What zzdid zzdemocracy zzmean zzto zzour zzcolonial zzancestors, zzand zzdid zzthey zzapprove zzit?
A5 The zzcolonists zzwere zzskeptical zzof zzdemocracy zzand zzviewed zzthis zztype zzof
zz governing z z authority zzas zzmob zzrule. zzSociety zzwas zzlargely zzseen zzas
zzsegmented zzinto zzthose zzwho zz should z z rule zzand zzthose zzwho zzshould zznot. zzIn
zzfact, zzthe zzFounders zzbelieved zzthat zzthe zzelite zz(well- z z educated, zzland zzowners)
zzshould zzoccupy zzpositions zzof zzleadership. zzThus, zz an zzaristocratic z z element
zzwithin zzgovernment zzwas zznecessary zzto zzprotect zzagainst zzthethreat zzof zzmob zzrule
z z historically zzassociated zzwith zzdemocracy. zzFundamentally, zzthe zzidea zzof
zzrepublicanism z z was zzpromoted zzas zzan zzideal zzat zza zzhigher zzlevel zzthan
zz democracy. zzThis zzwas zzmade zzmost z z manifest zzin zzthe zztendency zzto zzprefer
zzmixed
© zz2023 zzTaylor zz&
zzFrancis
SOLUTION MANUAL
zz
American Government: Political
zz zz
Development and Institutional Change
zz zz zz
12thEditionbyCalJillson,AllChapters1-16
z z z z z z z z z
, 2
TABLE zzOF zzCONTENTS
1. Chapter zz1 zzThe zzOrigins zzof zzAmerican zzPolitical zzPrinciples
2. Chapter zz2 zzThe zzRevolution zzand zzthe zzConstitution
3. Chapter zz3 zzFederalism zzand zzAmerican zzPolitical zzDevelopment
4. Chapter zz4 zzPolitical zzSocialization zzand zzPublic zzOpinion
5. Chapter zz5 zzThe zzMass zzMedia zzand zzthe zzPolitical zzAgenda
6. Chapter zz6 zzInterest zzGroups: zzThe zzPolitics zzof zzInfluence
7. Chapter zz7 zzPolitical zzParties: zzWinning zzthe zzRight zzto zzGovern
8. Chapter zz8 zzVoting, zzCampaigns, zzand zzElections
9. Chapter zz9 zzCongress: zzPartisanship, zzPolarization, zzand zzGridlock
10. Chapter zz10 zzThe zzPresident: zzExecutive zzPower zzin zza zzSeparation zzof zz Powers zzRegime
11. Chapter zz11 zzBureaucracy: zzRedesigning zzGovernment zzfor zzthe zzTwenty-First zzCentury
12. Chapter zz12 zzThe zzFederal zzCourts: zzActivism zzversus zzRestraint
13. Chapter zz13 zzCivil zzLiberties: zzOrdered zzLiberty zzin zzAmerica
14. Chapter zz14 zzCivil zzRights: zzWhere zzLiberty zzand zzEquality zzCollide
15. Chapter zz15 zzGovernment, zzThe zzEconomy, zzand zzDomestic zzPolicy
16. Chapter zz16 zzAmerica’s zzGlobal zzRole zzin zzthe zzTwenty-First zzCentury
, 3
Chapter zz1
THE zzORIGINS zzOF zzAMERICAN zzPOLITICAL zzPRINCIPLES
FOCUS zzQUESTIONS
Q1 What zzare zzthe zzbroad zzpurposes zzof zzgovernment?
A1 The zzancients zzbelieved zzthe zzrole zzof zzgovernment zzand zzpolitics zzwas zzto zzfoster
zzhuman z z excellence. zzHowever, zzit zzis zzimperative zzto zzremember zzthat zzthe
zzGreeks zzand zzRomans z z believed zzthe zzvirtuous zzshould zzrule zzaccording zzto
zznatural zzlaw. zzFurthermore, zzvaluesof z z equality zzand zzorder zzwould zzbe zzserved
zzthrough zza zzsociety zzbased zzupon zzthe zzrule zzoflaw zzto z z provide zzfor zzthe
zzcommon zzgood. zzIn zzthe zzMiddle zzAges, zzgovernment zzwas zz largely zzused z z to
zzfacilitate zzreligion zzand zzmaintained zzthe zzneed zzfor zzthe zzindividual zzto zz live zza
zzproper zzlife z z in zzthe zzservice zzof zzGod. zzThe zzrole zzof zzgovernment zzchanged zzin
zzthe zz early zzsixteenth z z century zzby zzdownplaying zzthe zzrole zzof zzreligion zzwhile
zzalternatively zz promoting zzthe zzrole z z of zzlimited zzgovernment zzto zzprotect
zzprivate zzproperty zzand zz individual zzrights.
Q2 How zzshould zzgovernment zzbe zzdesigned zzto zzachieve zzits zzpurposes?
A2 According zzto zzPlato zzthe zzphilosopher-king’s zzwisdom zzand zzintellect zzwould
zzpromote z z order, zzstability zzand zzjustice. zzYet, zzAristotle zztakes zza zzmore zzrealistic
zzview zzof zzAthenian z z society zzby zzadvocating zzthe zzbest zzform zzof zzgovernment
zzas zza zzpolity, zzwhich zzcombined z z oligarchic zzand zzdemocratic zzelements zzto
zzproduce zzpolitical zzstability. zzThe zzRomans z z combined zzmonarchical, zzaristocratic,
zzand zzdemocratic zzprinciples zzas zza zzmixed z z government zzwithin zzrepresentative
zzbodies zzlike zzthe zzSenate zzand zzthe zzAssembly zzin zz order z z to zzchampion zzthe
zzcauses zzof zzboth zzthe zzrich zzand zzthe zzpoor. zzGovernment zzin zztheMiddle z z Ages
zzwas zzdetermined zzthrough zzdivine zzright, zzwhereby zza zzmonarch zzor zzPope zz was
z z ordained zzby zzGod zzto zzrule. zzHence, zzwisdom zzand zzvirtue zzrested zzwithin zzthese
zzfew z z individuals zzwho zzgoverned zzto zzpromote zzreligious zzlife zzand zzprotect zzthe
zzreligious z z establishment. zzThe zzRenaissance, zzProtestant zzReformation, zzand
zzEnlightenment z z Periods zzshifted zzthe zzrole zzof zzgovernment zzfrom zzupholding
zzreligious zzdoctrine zzto zz secular z z concerns, zzsuch zzas zzprotecting zzinalienable
zzrights, zzincluding zzprivate zz property, zzand z z promoting zzcommerce. zzIn zzturn,
zzEnlightenment zzpolitical
© zz2023 zzTaylor zz& zzFrancis
, 4
philosophers zzlargely zzappealed zzto zzindividualism zzand zznot zzreligious zzhierarchy
zzas zzameans z z to zzprovide zzorder zzand zzstability zzin zzwhich zzindividuals zzcould
zzflourish.
Q3 What zzlessons zzabout zzgovernment zzdid zzcolonial zzAmericans zzdraw zzfrom zzthe
zzhistory zzofancient zzGreece zz and z z Rome?
A3 Plato zzwas zzsuspicious zzof zzdemocracy’s zzrule zzof zzthe zzmany zz because zzgood
zzgovernment z z would zzdecay zzinto zzmob zzrule. zzHence, zzthe zzpassions zzof zzthe
zzmasses zzneeded zzto zzbe zz quelled z z by zzmore zzaristocratic zzelements. zzWith zzthis
zzproblem zzin zzmind, zzthe zzFramers zzofthe zzU.S. z z Constitution zzreferenced zzthe
zzinstitutional zzdesign zzof zzthe zzRoman zzrepublic zzadhered zzto z z the zztradition zzof
zzmixed zzgovernment zzinitially zzexpounded zzby zzAristotle zz and zzthe zzRomans. z z This
zzwas zzmaintained zzin zzthe zzindirect zzselection zzof zzboth zzthe zzSenateand zzthe
zzpresidency z z within zzthe zzConstitution. zzAristotle zzalso zzadvocated zzmixing
zz aristocratic zzand zzdemocratic z z elements zzin zza zzgoverning zzstructure zzcalled zza
zzpolity. zzIn zzeffect, zzthis zzgovernmental zzdesign z z allowed zzthe zzfew zzand zzthe
zzmany zzto zzparticipate zzin zzthe zzpolitics zzproviding zzan zzorderly z z society zzwhere
zzthe zzpoor zzshould zzbe zzable zzto zzselect zz government zzofficials zzwho zzwere zzheld
z z accountable. zzThis zzwas zzalso zzmade zzmanifest zzinthe zzConstitution zzwith zzits
zzaristocratic-like z z Senate zzand zzthe zzmore zzdemocratic zzHouse zz of
zzRepresentatives. zzThus zzthe zzAmerican z z republic’s zzConstitution zzestablished
zz institutional zzpowers zzto zzgovern zzaccording zzto zzthe z z rule zzof zzlaw. zzWhile zzthe
zzFramers zzrejected zzthe zzreligious zzhierarchy zzof zzthe zzMiddle zzAges, z z they
zzappealed zzto zzinalienable zzrights zzendowed zzupon zzevery zzindividual zzby zzGod,
zzper zzthe z z writings zzof zzJohn zzLocke, zzin zzwhich zza zzjust zzgovernment zzand zzsociety
zzcould zznot zzbe z z impeded.
Q4 What zzcircumstances zzled zzEuropeans zzto zzleave zztheir zzhomelands zzto zzsettle zzin zzAmerica?
A4 Individuals zzimmigrated zzto zzthe zzcolonies zzto zzescape zzreligious zzpersecution zzand
zzcivil z z unrest zzafter zzthe zzEnglish zzCivil zzWar zzand zzto zzpursue zzsocial zzand
zzeconomic zz opportunities. z z Colonists zzenjoyed zza zzvast zzarray zzof zznatural
zzresources zzand zza zzlarge zz geographical zzarea z z where zzfreedom zzof zzreligion
zzand zzeconomic zzopportunity zz flourished. zzAlso, zztheir z z heterogeneous zzsocial
zzcomposition zzas zzwell zzas zzcontinual zz promotion zzof zzideals, zzsuch zzas z z equality
zzand zztolerance, zztended zzto zzpromote zzpolitical zzfreedom zzat zzthe zzsame zztime zzthat
z z social zzexpansion zzof zzthe zzpopulation zzwas zzoccurring.
Q5 What zzdid zzdemocracy zzmean zzto zzour zzcolonial zzancestors, zzand zzdid zzthey zzapprove zzit?
A5 The zzcolonists zzwere zzskeptical zzof zzdemocracy zzand zzviewed zzthis zztype zzof
zz governing z z authority zzas zzmob zzrule. zzSociety zzwas zzlargely zzseen zzas
zzsegmented zzinto zzthose zzwho zz should z z rule zzand zzthose zzwho zzshould zznot. zzIn
zzfact, zzthe zzFounders zzbelieved zzthat zzthe zzelite zz(well- z z educated, zzland zzowners)
zzshould zzoccupy zzpositions zzof zzleadership. zzThus, zz an zzaristocratic z z element
zzwithin zzgovernment zzwas zznecessary zzto zzprotect zzagainst zzthethreat zzof zzmob zzrule
z z historically zzassociated zzwith zzdemocracy. zzFundamentally, zzthe zzidea zzof
zzrepublicanism z z was zzpromoted zzas zzan zzideal zzat zza zzhigher zzlevel zzthan
zz democracy. zzThis zzwas zzmade zzmost z z manifest zzin zzthe zztendency zzto zzprefer
zzmixed
© zz2023 zzTaylor zz&
zzFrancis
