ICE CPA Final Exam Study Guide 2025
What are the five types of chemical reactions? - correct answer 1. Synthesis reaction 2.
Decomposition reaction 3. Single replacement reaction 4. Double replacement reaction 5.
Combustion reaction.
What is the general form of a synthesis reaction? - correct answer A + B → AB.
What is the general form of a decomposition reaction? - correct answer AB → A + B.
What is the general form of a single replacement reaction? - correct answer AB + C → CB + A or
AB + C → AC + B.
What is the difference between cationic and anionic single replacement reactions? - correct
answer Cationic SR involves metals replacing other metals or hydrogen, while anionic SR
involves nonmetals replacing other nonmetals.
What is the general form of a double replacement reaction? - correct answer AB + CD → AD +
CB.
What is the general form of a combustion reaction? - correct answer CxHyOz + O2 → CO2 +
H2O.
What does the law of conservation of mass state? - correct answer Atoms are neither created
nor destroyed in chemical reactions; they are rearranged.
Why must chemical equations be balanced? - correct answer To follow the law of conservation
of matter, ensuring the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides.
What are the problems caused by CFCs in the ozone layer? - correct answer CFCs release
chlorine when broken down by UV radiation, which destroys ozone molecules, leading to
increased UV-C radiation exposure.
What is the chemical reaction for natural ozone depletion? - correct answer O3 → O2 + O.
What is the chemical reaction for man-made ozone depletion involving CFCs? - correct answer
Cl + O3 → ClO + O2; ClO + O → Cl + O2.
What is the first step in the process of ocean acidification? - correct answer CO2(g) + H2O(l) →
H2CO3(aq).
How does ocean acidification affect marine organisms? - correct answer It destroys shells of
organisms that contain calcite and contributes to the dissolution of coral reefs.
What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis? - correct answer 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) →
C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g).
, What is the importance of photosynthesis? - correct answer It converts energy, carbon dioxide,
and water into glucose and produces oxygen necessary for cellular respiration.
What is the pH range for acidic, neutral, and basic solutions? - correct answer Acidic: pH < 7,
Neutral: pH = 7, Basic: pH > 7.
What is Bowen's reaction series used for? - correct answer To predict the mineral content and
melting temperature of minerals in a rock.
What minerals are found in ultramafic rocks? - correct answer Olivine and pyroxene from the
discontinuous series, and Ca-rich feldspar from the continuous series.
What minerals are found in mafic rocks? - correct answer Olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole.
What minerals are found in intermediate rocks? - correct answer Pyroxene, amphibole, and
biotite mica from the discontinuous series, and Na-rich feldspar.
What minerals are found in felsic rocks? - correct answer Amphibole, biotite mica, Na-rich
feldspar, potassium feldspar, muscovite mica, and quartz.
What is the temperature range for the formation of ultramafic to felsic rocks? - correct answer
Ultramafic rocks form at ~1200 degrees Celsius to felsic rocks at ~750 degrees Celsius.
What is the temperature range for ultramafic to felsic rocks? - correct answer Ultramafic rocks
start at ~1200 degrees Celsius and felsic rocks are around ~750 degrees Celsius.
How does temperature affect silica content in rocks? - correct answer The higher the
temperature, the lower the silica content.
What color are ultramafic minerals and where do they form? - correct answer Ultramafic
minerals are dark green and form in the mantle.
What is the color and formation location of mafic (basaltic) rocks? - correct answer Mafic rocks
are dark gray/black and form in the oceanic crust.
Describe the color and formation of intermediate (andesitic) rocks. - correct answer
Intermediate rocks are grey and form at oceanic/continental boundaries.
What color are felsic rocks and where do they typically form? - correct answer Felsic rocks are
pink/tan and form in the continental crust.
What is fractional crystallization? - correct answer Fractional crystallization is the process
where minerals crystallize at different temperatures, becoming solid and no longer part of the
magma.
What is the difference between minerals and rocks? - correct answer Minerals are pure
substances (elements or compounds), while rocks are mixtures of minerals and can include
organic material.
What are the five types of chemical reactions? - correct answer 1. Synthesis reaction 2.
Decomposition reaction 3. Single replacement reaction 4. Double replacement reaction 5.
Combustion reaction.
What is the general form of a synthesis reaction? - correct answer A + B → AB.
What is the general form of a decomposition reaction? - correct answer AB → A + B.
What is the general form of a single replacement reaction? - correct answer AB + C → CB + A or
AB + C → AC + B.
What is the difference between cationic and anionic single replacement reactions? - correct
answer Cationic SR involves metals replacing other metals or hydrogen, while anionic SR
involves nonmetals replacing other nonmetals.
What is the general form of a double replacement reaction? - correct answer AB + CD → AD +
CB.
What is the general form of a combustion reaction? - correct answer CxHyOz + O2 → CO2 +
H2O.
What does the law of conservation of mass state? - correct answer Atoms are neither created
nor destroyed in chemical reactions; they are rearranged.
Why must chemical equations be balanced? - correct answer To follow the law of conservation
of matter, ensuring the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides.
What are the problems caused by CFCs in the ozone layer? - correct answer CFCs release
chlorine when broken down by UV radiation, which destroys ozone molecules, leading to
increased UV-C radiation exposure.
What is the chemical reaction for natural ozone depletion? - correct answer O3 → O2 + O.
What is the chemical reaction for man-made ozone depletion involving CFCs? - correct answer
Cl + O3 → ClO + O2; ClO + O → Cl + O2.
What is the first step in the process of ocean acidification? - correct answer CO2(g) + H2O(l) →
H2CO3(aq).
How does ocean acidification affect marine organisms? - correct answer It destroys shells of
organisms that contain calcite and contributes to the dissolution of coral reefs.
What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis? - correct answer 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) →
C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g).
, What is the importance of photosynthesis? - correct answer It converts energy, carbon dioxide,
and water into glucose and produces oxygen necessary for cellular respiration.
What is the pH range for acidic, neutral, and basic solutions? - correct answer Acidic: pH < 7,
Neutral: pH = 7, Basic: pH > 7.
What is Bowen's reaction series used for? - correct answer To predict the mineral content and
melting temperature of minerals in a rock.
What minerals are found in ultramafic rocks? - correct answer Olivine and pyroxene from the
discontinuous series, and Ca-rich feldspar from the continuous series.
What minerals are found in mafic rocks? - correct answer Olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole.
What minerals are found in intermediate rocks? - correct answer Pyroxene, amphibole, and
biotite mica from the discontinuous series, and Na-rich feldspar.
What minerals are found in felsic rocks? - correct answer Amphibole, biotite mica, Na-rich
feldspar, potassium feldspar, muscovite mica, and quartz.
What is the temperature range for the formation of ultramafic to felsic rocks? - correct answer
Ultramafic rocks form at ~1200 degrees Celsius to felsic rocks at ~750 degrees Celsius.
What is the temperature range for ultramafic to felsic rocks? - correct answer Ultramafic rocks
start at ~1200 degrees Celsius and felsic rocks are around ~750 degrees Celsius.
How does temperature affect silica content in rocks? - correct answer The higher the
temperature, the lower the silica content.
What color are ultramafic minerals and where do they form? - correct answer Ultramafic
minerals are dark green and form in the mantle.
What is the color and formation location of mafic (basaltic) rocks? - correct answer Mafic rocks
are dark gray/black and form in the oceanic crust.
Describe the color and formation of intermediate (andesitic) rocks. - correct answer
Intermediate rocks are grey and form at oceanic/continental boundaries.
What color are felsic rocks and where do they typically form? - correct answer Felsic rocks are
pink/tan and form in the continental crust.
What is fractional crystallization? - correct answer Fractional crystallization is the process
where minerals crystallize at different temperatures, becoming solid and no longer part of the
magma.
What is the difference between minerals and rocks? - correct answer Minerals are pure
substances (elements or compounds), while rocks are mixtures of minerals and can include
organic material.
