BIO 189 FINAL REVIEW CORRECT
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+)
why correlation does not necessarily mean causation? - ANSWER When we say that
correlation does not imply causation, we mean that just because you can see a
connection or a mutual relationship between two variables, it does not mean that one is
caused by the other.
How would you recognize the difference between correlation and causation in data
provided to you? - ANSWER You are able to recognize the difference between
correlation and causation in data provided to me by analyzing the variables and looking
if one variables affects the other and if it doesn't then there is correlation but not
causation
What is a hypothesis? - ANSWER A hypothesis is falsifiable and written so that it could
be found incorrect by an observation or experiment
What is a theory? - ANSWER A theory is a general set of principles supported by
evidence, it contains a high degree of certainty and many experimental trials.
What does falsifiable hypothesis mean? - ANSWER It means that it has some
proposition to be proven wrong
What topics are scientists unable to design falsifiable hypothesis for? why? - ANSWER
Anything that has do with mortality because it is impossible to track it down
What an independent variable? - ANSWER the variable that you change/manipulate in
the experiment
What is a dependent variable? - ANSWER the variable that is being measure to
determine if it is been affected by the independent variable
What is a standardized variable? - ANSWER Any variable that stays constant through
the experiment
What is a control group (placebo)? - ANSWER A group they use to compare the
treatment group(s), they might remain untreated or receive a placebo(fake drug)
How is the scientific inquiry (the scientific method) done? - ANSWER -Make an
observation
-Ask a question
-Consult prior knowledge
-Formulate a hypothesis
-Make a predictions
,-Design experiment
-Collect data and interpret data
-Consult prior knowledge
-Draw conclusions
-Peer Review
-Publish
What is the blind method? - ANSWER A study in which the participants in the clinical
trial do not know if they are receiving the placebo or the real treatment
Why would scientists implement the blind method in their experimental design? -
ANSWER To avoid bias in a experiment
What is a double blind? - ANSWER Study in which both the participant and the
experimenters do not know which group got the placebo and which got the experimental
treatment.
What is a triple blind? - ANSWER Study in which neither the participants, the
experimenters or the data analysts know which group is which in the experiment
What is non polar covalentbond? - ANSWER when two electrons are shared equally
between two atoms
What is a polar covalent bond? - ANSWER unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER Occurs when a more electronegative atom "steals"
the other atom's electron (no sharing), oppose charges held them together
How would you recognize what type of bond you are seeing between two atoms? -
ANSWER -By definition a ionic bond is between two particles of opposite charge while a
covalent is between two nonmetals.
-We can also look at their electronegativity. You subtract their negativity and put them in
one of this categories:
0.0-0.3=non-polar covalent
0.4-1.7= polar covalent
1.7 and greater= ionic bond
What is electronegativity? - ANSWER how badly does an atom want/attract EXTRA
electrons
How can we see use the periodic table to help us estimate an element's level of
electronegativity's? How do row and column positions affect this estimate? - ANSWER
We can determine electronegativity by the number of valence electrons and electron
shells matters. Row and column positions affect this by electronegativity levels
decrease as we move from the top to the bottom of the periodic table and it increases
as we move from left to the right of the periodic table.
, What is atomic mass? - ANSWER protons + neutrons
What is the atomic number? - ANSWER number of protons
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ANSWER The central dogma of
molecular biology is that information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.
What are the four major components of the plasma membrane? Classify each of these
components into one of the four major macromolecules categories - ANSWER
Phospholipids-lipids
Cholesterol-lipids
Proteins- proteins
Glycocalyx - carbohydrates
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER transport and storage
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER site of futher modification and packaging of proteins
Vesicles - ANSWER transports materials within the cell
Nucleus - ANSWER control center of the cell which contains DNA
Ribosomes - ANSWER Translate mRNA to make protein
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER site for lipid synthesi and detoxification
lysosomes - ANSWER the recycliong and garbage removal centers of the animal cell
Mitochondria - ANSWER the energy producing centers of the cell
Central Vacuoles - ANSWER maintains pressure, stores nutrients, and retains/degrades
waste products
chroloplast - ANSWER where plants synthesized their food
What is the 1st law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER 1st law states that energy can be
transformed, it can not be created nor destroyed
What is the 2nd laws of thermodynamics? - ANSWER 2nd law states the release of
energy will result in a greater amount of disorder (entropy)
What is entropy? - ANSWER measurement of disorder in a given system
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+)
why correlation does not necessarily mean causation? - ANSWER When we say that
correlation does not imply causation, we mean that just because you can see a
connection or a mutual relationship between two variables, it does not mean that one is
caused by the other.
How would you recognize the difference between correlation and causation in data
provided to you? - ANSWER You are able to recognize the difference between
correlation and causation in data provided to me by analyzing the variables and looking
if one variables affects the other and if it doesn't then there is correlation but not
causation
What is a hypothesis? - ANSWER A hypothesis is falsifiable and written so that it could
be found incorrect by an observation or experiment
What is a theory? - ANSWER A theory is a general set of principles supported by
evidence, it contains a high degree of certainty and many experimental trials.
What does falsifiable hypothesis mean? - ANSWER It means that it has some
proposition to be proven wrong
What topics are scientists unable to design falsifiable hypothesis for? why? - ANSWER
Anything that has do with mortality because it is impossible to track it down
What an independent variable? - ANSWER the variable that you change/manipulate in
the experiment
What is a dependent variable? - ANSWER the variable that is being measure to
determine if it is been affected by the independent variable
What is a standardized variable? - ANSWER Any variable that stays constant through
the experiment
What is a control group (placebo)? - ANSWER A group they use to compare the
treatment group(s), they might remain untreated or receive a placebo(fake drug)
How is the scientific inquiry (the scientific method) done? - ANSWER -Make an
observation
-Ask a question
-Consult prior knowledge
-Formulate a hypothesis
-Make a predictions
,-Design experiment
-Collect data and interpret data
-Consult prior knowledge
-Draw conclusions
-Peer Review
-Publish
What is the blind method? - ANSWER A study in which the participants in the clinical
trial do not know if they are receiving the placebo or the real treatment
Why would scientists implement the blind method in their experimental design? -
ANSWER To avoid bias in a experiment
What is a double blind? - ANSWER Study in which both the participant and the
experimenters do not know which group got the placebo and which got the experimental
treatment.
What is a triple blind? - ANSWER Study in which neither the participants, the
experimenters or the data analysts know which group is which in the experiment
What is non polar covalentbond? - ANSWER when two electrons are shared equally
between two atoms
What is a polar covalent bond? - ANSWER unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER Occurs when a more electronegative atom "steals"
the other atom's electron (no sharing), oppose charges held them together
How would you recognize what type of bond you are seeing between two atoms? -
ANSWER -By definition a ionic bond is between two particles of opposite charge while a
covalent is between two nonmetals.
-We can also look at their electronegativity. You subtract their negativity and put them in
one of this categories:
0.0-0.3=non-polar covalent
0.4-1.7= polar covalent
1.7 and greater= ionic bond
What is electronegativity? - ANSWER how badly does an atom want/attract EXTRA
electrons
How can we see use the periodic table to help us estimate an element's level of
electronegativity's? How do row and column positions affect this estimate? - ANSWER
We can determine electronegativity by the number of valence electrons and electron
shells matters. Row and column positions affect this by electronegativity levels
decrease as we move from the top to the bottom of the periodic table and it increases
as we move from left to the right of the periodic table.
, What is atomic mass? - ANSWER protons + neutrons
What is the atomic number? - ANSWER number of protons
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ANSWER The central dogma of
molecular biology is that information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.
What are the four major components of the plasma membrane? Classify each of these
components into one of the four major macromolecules categories - ANSWER
Phospholipids-lipids
Cholesterol-lipids
Proteins- proteins
Glycocalyx - carbohydrates
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER transport and storage
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER site of futher modification and packaging of proteins
Vesicles - ANSWER transports materials within the cell
Nucleus - ANSWER control center of the cell which contains DNA
Ribosomes - ANSWER Translate mRNA to make protein
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER site for lipid synthesi and detoxification
lysosomes - ANSWER the recycliong and garbage removal centers of the animal cell
Mitochondria - ANSWER the energy producing centers of the cell
Central Vacuoles - ANSWER maintains pressure, stores nutrients, and retains/degrades
waste products
chroloplast - ANSWER where plants synthesized their food
What is the 1st law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER 1st law states that energy can be
transformed, it can not be created nor destroyed
What is the 2nd laws of thermodynamics? - ANSWER 2nd law states the release of
energy will result in a greater amount of disorder (entropy)
What is entropy? - ANSWER measurement of disorder in a given system
